3P Exam Study APEA
What would cause a decrease in Digoxin levels? - ANS-Antacids
Taking Pyridium for UTI, what can Pyridium cause? - ANS-Hemolytic Anemia
What can PCOS result in? - ANS-Increased insulin levels (Hyperinsulinemia), Androgens,
Hirsutism
What are the antihypertensives used in pregnancy? - ANS-Methyldopa (Alpha-2-Agonist),
Labetalol, Nifedipine, Hydralazine
What is a characteristic of Placenta Previa? - ANS-Painless, red bleeding
What is a characteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis? - ANS-Tender, warm, swollen joints
Medications that can cause ototoxicity? - ANS-Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, NSAIDs,
antihistamines, nasal decongestants
What is the treatment time for enterobiasis? - ANS-2 weeks
What does MCV lab value measure? - ANS-Mean Corpuscular Volume helps diagnose different
types of anemia such as B12 & Folate (Macrocytic) and Fe anemia (Microcytic)
Rhogam is given at how many week gestation? - ANS-27-28 weeks
What are Janeway lesions and what do they indicate? - ANS-They are irregular, non-tender
hemorrhagic macules located on the hands and feet. Seen in Infective Endocarditis
What are Osler's Nodes and what do they indicate? - ANS-They are split pea-sized,
erythematous, tender nodules located on the pads of the fingers and toes. Seen in Infective
Endocarditis
What is the recommendation for Warfarin management when a patient misses a dose? - ANS-If
within 12 hours of the dose time, take it. If over 12 hours patient will need a INR redraw
What do we need to know about ACEs and ARBs? - ANS-A dry hacking cough is a common
side effect of ACEs and will go away within a week after discontinuing. ACEs & ARBs are
indicated for patients with DM, CKD, and HTN. Not recommended as 1st line agent with African
Americans & can cause angioedema.
,Contraindications for Hydrochlorothiazide - ANS-Sulfa allergy, PCN hypersensitivity, Asthma,
Gout
Systolic Murmurs (Benign) - ANS-MR = Mitral Regurge (SOB/Fatigue HF)
Peyton Manning = Physiologic Murmur (Asymptomatic)
AS = Aortic Stenosis (Angina, Syncope HF)
MVP = Mitral Valve Prolapse ("Click", Women 14-30, Palpitations, Chest Pain
Diastolic Murmurs (Abnormal) - ANS-AR = Aortic Regurgitation (Angina, HF, Dizziness, Chest
Pain)
MS = Mitral Stenosis (Dyspnea, AFib)
What does S1 indicate? - ANS-S1 Closure of the Atrioventricular Valves (Mitral & Tricuspid
Valves)
What does S2 indicate? - ANS-S2 Closure of the Semilunar Valves (Aortic & Pulmonic Valves)
S3 is often heard in? - ANS-CHF, possibly normal for athletic adolescents
S4 is often heard in? - ANS-Diastolic HF, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), Poorly controlled
HTN, MI
Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - ANS-Antiplatelets (Plavix, ASA), Pentoxifylline
(Decreases blood viscosity)
Diagnosing Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - ANS-Gold Standard = Angiography
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) treatment - ANS-Aotrvastatin/Rosuvastatin = If LDL>150 use
high doses. Watch for LFTs & arthralgia. Change type & dose if issues. Helps stabilize plaques.
What medications are indicated for HF treatment? - ANS-ACEs, ARBs, ARNI w/BBs,
Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists
What is the treatment for Sarcoptes Scabiei (Scabies)? - ANS-Topical Permetherin massaged
from head to soles of feet and wash off with shower or bath after 8-14hrs. Treat again in 1 week.
Names of skin lesions? - ANS-Macule: Flat <1cm i.e. freckle
Papule: Raised <1cm i.e. acne
Nodule: Raised >1cm i.e. lipoma
Vesicle: Blister <1cm i.e. HSV, Chickenpox
Bulla: Blister >1cm i.e. 2nd Degree Burn, Bullous Pemphigod
Plaque: Raised, flat-top >1cm i.e. Psoriasis & Seborrheic Keratoses
Patch: Flat, discolored >1cm i.e. Vitiligo & Port-Wine Stains
, Wheal: Raised & Red Area i.e. Hives & Insect Bite reaction
Keloid - ANS-Hyperthrophic scar that is invasive beyond point of original injury
What is Tinea Capitis and What is the treatment? - ANS-Scalp Ring-Worm. Round, scaly
patches on scalp (Cradle Cap). Treatment is Grisefulvin 500mg with high fat meals for 4-6weeks
What is Tinea Corporis and What is the treatment? - ANS-Body Ring-Worm. Red, scaly
plaques on the body or trunk in a ring-like/circular pattern. Topical Azoles (I.E. Clotrimazole) for
2 weeks.
How do you assess Melanoma? - ANS-ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter >6mm,
and Evolution/Elevation
Signs & Symptoms of Psoriasis? - ANS-Silvery-White Scales, Pitted Nails, Positive Auspitz
Sign (Pinpoint bleeding when lesions/scales are scraped)
Facts about Shingles (Herpes Zoster) - ANS-- Unilateral Dermatomal Rash which starts as a
painful red rash (patch) and progresses to blisters (vesicles).
- Post herpetic neuralgia pain is common and can last longer than 1 month after rash resolves.
- May transmit chickenpox virus to unvaccinated & susceptible patients.
- Treatment consists of Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, or Famciclovir and most effective if started within
48-72hrs of rash appearance.
Facts about Contact Dermatitis (Eczema) - ANS-- Papules or Vesicles typically 5mm or less
which are red, raised bumps
- Skin becomes dry, scaly, and rough leading to formation of crusts or flakes on skin surface
- If scratched or irritated, the skin may ooze
- Treatment consists of Corticosteroids, Antihistamines, Calcineurin Inhibitors (Tacrolimus)
Facts about Acne Vulgaris - ANS-- Inflammatory skin disorder where androgen-dependent
sebaceous glands produce excess sebum.
- Usually affects face, anterior & posterior chest, Upper Back, Shoulders, and Arms
- Treatment consists of Erythromycin/Benzoyl Peroxide (Benzamycin)
- Education r/t Erythromycin/Benzoyl Peroxide includes limit exposure to sunlight and can
decrease resistance to erythromycin
Facts about Atopic Dermatitis - ANS-- Patchy plaque-like rash
- Can occur in people with other atopic conditions such as Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis (Hay
Fever)
Eye exam findings in DM & HTN - ANS-- AV Nicking = Arteries indent and displace veins
- Cotton Wool Spots = White or grayish fluffy lesions on the retina
- Flame Hemorrhages = Flame-like hemorrhages along the retinal nerve fiber layer
What would cause a decrease in Digoxin levels? - ANS-Antacids
Taking Pyridium for UTI, what can Pyridium cause? - ANS-Hemolytic Anemia
What can PCOS result in? - ANS-Increased insulin levels (Hyperinsulinemia), Androgens,
Hirsutism
What are the antihypertensives used in pregnancy? - ANS-Methyldopa (Alpha-2-Agonist),
Labetalol, Nifedipine, Hydralazine
What is a characteristic of Placenta Previa? - ANS-Painless, red bleeding
What is a characteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis? - ANS-Tender, warm, swollen joints
Medications that can cause ototoxicity? - ANS-Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, NSAIDs,
antihistamines, nasal decongestants
What is the treatment time for enterobiasis? - ANS-2 weeks
What does MCV lab value measure? - ANS-Mean Corpuscular Volume helps diagnose different
types of anemia such as B12 & Folate (Macrocytic) and Fe anemia (Microcytic)
Rhogam is given at how many week gestation? - ANS-27-28 weeks
What are Janeway lesions and what do they indicate? - ANS-They are irregular, non-tender
hemorrhagic macules located on the hands and feet. Seen in Infective Endocarditis
What are Osler's Nodes and what do they indicate? - ANS-They are split pea-sized,
erythematous, tender nodules located on the pads of the fingers and toes. Seen in Infective
Endocarditis
What is the recommendation for Warfarin management when a patient misses a dose? - ANS-If
within 12 hours of the dose time, take it. If over 12 hours patient will need a INR redraw
What do we need to know about ACEs and ARBs? - ANS-A dry hacking cough is a common
side effect of ACEs and will go away within a week after discontinuing. ACEs & ARBs are
indicated for patients with DM, CKD, and HTN. Not recommended as 1st line agent with African
Americans & can cause angioedema.
,Contraindications for Hydrochlorothiazide - ANS-Sulfa allergy, PCN hypersensitivity, Asthma,
Gout
Systolic Murmurs (Benign) - ANS-MR = Mitral Regurge (SOB/Fatigue HF)
Peyton Manning = Physiologic Murmur (Asymptomatic)
AS = Aortic Stenosis (Angina, Syncope HF)
MVP = Mitral Valve Prolapse ("Click", Women 14-30, Palpitations, Chest Pain
Diastolic Murmurs (Abnormal) - ANS-AR = Aortic Regurgitation (Angina, HF, Dizziness, Chest
Pain)
MS = Mitral Stenosis (Dyspnea, AFib)
What does S1 indicate? - ANS-S1 Closure of the Atrioventricular Valves (Mitral & Tricuspid
Valves)
What does S2 indicate? - ANS-S2 Closure of the Semilunar Valves (Aortic & Pulmonic Valves)
S3 is often heard in? - ANS-CHF, possibly normal for athletic adolescents
S4 is often heard in? - ANS-Diastolic HF, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), Poorly controlled
HTN, MI
Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - ANS-Antiplatelets (Plavix, ASA), Pentoxifylline
(Decreases blood viscosity)
Diagnosing Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - ANS-Gold Standard = Angiography
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) treatment - ANS-Aotrvastatin/Rosuvastatin = If LDL>150 use
high doses. Watch for LFTs & arthralgia. Change type & dose if issues. Helps stabilize plaques.
What medications are indicated for HF treatment? - ANS-ACEs, ARBs, ARNI w/BBs,
Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists
What is the treatment for Sarcoptes Scabiei (Scabies)? - ANS-Topical Permetherin massaged
from head to soles of feet and wash off with shower or bath after 8-14hrs. Treat again in 1 week.
Names of skin lesions? - ANS-Macule: Flat <1cm i.e. freckle
Papule: Raised <1cm i.e. acne
Nodule: Raised >1cm i.e. lipoma
Vesicle: Blister <1cm i.e. HSV, Chickenpox
Bulla: Blister >1cm i.e. 2nd Degree Burn, Bullous Pemphigod
Plaque: Raised, flat-top >1cm i.e. Psoriasis & Seborrheic Keratoses
Patch: Flat, discolored >1cm i.e. Vitiligo & Port-Wine Stains
, Wheal: Raised & Red Area i.e. Hives & Insect Bite reaction
Keloid - ANS-Hyperthrophic scar that is invasive beyond point of original injury
What is Tinea Capitis and What is the treatment? - ANS-Scalp Ring-Worm. Round, scaly
patches on scalp (Cradle Cap). Treatment is Grisefulvin 500mg with high fat meals for 4-6weeks
What is Tinea Corporis and What is the treatment? - ANS-Body Ring-Worm. Red, scaly
plaques on the body or trunk in a ring-like/circular pattern. Topical Azoles (I.E. Clotrimazole) for
2 weeks.
How do you assess Melanoma? - ANS-ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter >6mm,
and Evolution/Elevation
Signs & Symptoms of Psoriasis? - ANS-Silvery-White Scales, Pitted Nails, Positive Auspitz
Sign (Pinpoint bleeding when lesions/scales are scraped)
Facts about Shingles (Herpes Zoster) - ANS-- Unilateral Dermatomal Rash which starts as a
painful red rash (patch) and progresses to blisters (vesicles).
- Post herpetic neuralgia pain is common and can last longer than 1 month after rash resolves.
- May transmit chickenpox virus to unvaccinated & susceptible patients.
- Treatment consists of Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, or Famciclovir and most effective if started within
48-72hrs of rash appearance.
Facts about Contact Dermatitis (Eczema) - ANS-- Papules or Vesicles typically 5mm or less
which are red, raised bumps
- Skin becomes dry, scaly, and rough leading to formation of crusts or flakes on skin surface
- If scratched or irritated, the skin may ooze
- Treatment consists of Corticosteroids, Antihistamines, Calcineurin Inhibitors (Tacrolimus)
Facts about Acne Vulgaris - ANS-- Inflammatory skin disorder where androgen-dependent
sebaceous glands produce excess sebum.
- Usually affects face, anterior & posterior chest, Upper Back, Shoulders, and Arms
- Treatment consists of Erythromycin/Benzoyl Peroxide (Benzamycin)
- Education r/t Erythromycin/Benzoyl Peroxide includes limit exposure to sunlight and can
decrease resistance to erythromycin
Facts about Atopic Dermatitis - ANS-- Patchy plaque-like rash
- Can occur in people with other atopic conditions such as Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis (Hay
Fever)
Eye exam findings in DM & HTN - ANS-- AV Nicking = Arteries indent and displace veins
- Cotton Wool Spots = White or grayish fluffy lesions on the retina
- Flame Hemorrhages = Flame-like hemorrhages along the retinal nerve fiber layer
