©FYNDALY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:11PM. A+
Biol 2600 Exam Study Questions And Answers|
Already Graded A+| Latest Update.
Which of the following is NOT a shared property of living things?
a.sexual reproduction
b.response to the environment
c.homeostasis
d.structural organization - Answer✔a. sexual reproduction
Describe the four lines of evidence supporting "RNA world." - Answer✔Many present-day
protein-based enzymes have cofactors that may be relics of an RNA world when both catalytic
and structural functions were performed by RNA. In modern organisms, deoxyribonucleotides
of DNA are constructed by first synthesizing a ribonucleotide intermediate and then removing a
hydroxyl group through ribonucleotide reductase. The catalytic site of the ribosome is formed
entirely from RNA. Lab work on the early Earth suggests conditions existed that included the
essential parts of RNA.
When life first evolved, ocean temperatures were ________ and there was ________
atmospheric oxygen.
a.hotter; abundant
b.hotter; no
c.cooler; no
d.cooler; abundant - Answer✔b. hotter, no
Which of the following was NOT a source of molecules in the "prebiotic soup"?
a.
meteorites
b.
1
, ©FYNDALY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:11PM. A+
deep-sea hydrothermal vents
c.
DNA
d.
domets - Answer✔c. DNA
The Miller-Urey experiment is significant because it produced the first scientific evidence that
a.
conditions on Earth 4 billion years ago could produce RNA.
b.
conditions on Earth 4 billion years ago could produce amino acids.
c.
it is possible to produce DNA under the same conditions as on Earth 4 billion years ago.
d.
it is possible to produce LUCA in the laboratory. - Answer✔b. conditions on Earth 4 billion years
ago could produce amino acids.
Which of the following is a reason DNA is favored over RNA as genetic material?
a.
DNA can self-replicate.
b.
DNA mutates more readily, with a weaker repair machinery.
c.
DNA is more stable and thus is a more efficient transmission system.
d.
DNA makes chromosomes. - Answer✔c. DNA is more stable and thus is a more efficient
transmission system.
If horizontal gene transfer was predominant in early evolution, how would this affect our ability
to reconstruct the tree of life?
a.
2
, ©FYNDALY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:11PM. A+
Horizontal gene transfer places viruses firmly at the beginning of the tree of life.
b.
Horizontal gene transfer blurs the concept of species, making it difficult to delineate ancestral
species.
c.
Horizontal gene transfer means that life-forms do not share a history of common descent.
d.
Horizontal gene transfer resulted in chloroplasts that confuse the plant lineage. - Answer✔b.
Horizontal gene transfer blurs the concept of species, making it difficult to delineate ancestral
species.
Differentiate between the coming together and staying together routes posited by evolutionary
biologists as leading to multicellularity. - Answer✔The basic idea behind the staying together
route—also known as the clonal route—is that multicellularity arose when, for one reason or
another, cells in an ancestral unicellular lineage remained together after cell replication. In
contrast, the coming together route involves formerly free-living cells joining together during
the early stages of the evolution of multicellularity. The staying together route is thought to be
much more common than the coming together route and is considered to explain most cases of
multicellularity in plants and animals.
Describe two evolutionary costs and two benefits of group living. - Answer✔Benefits of group
living include forage-related benefits, which can be passive, such as game flushed out by
predator group foraging movements, or communication of foraging information among group
members. Another benefit is increased protection from predators, as detailed in the "many
eyes" hypothesis. Costs of group living include increased transmission of parasites with
increased group size and increased competition for the same resources among group members.
Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?
a.
Evolution always progresses toward complexity.
b.
Complexity, once gained, can be lost.
c.
Complexity, once gained, cannot be lost.
d.
3
, ©FYNDALY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:11PM. A+
Modern bacteria and archaea are vastly more complex than ancestral forms. - Answer✔b.
Complexity, once gained, can be lost.
In what way are single-celled slime mold amoebas and individual honeybees (social insects that
live in colonies) alike?
a.
Signals cause them to aggregate, but they usually live alone.
b.
They are both examples of why group living is disadvantageous.
c.
They are both examples of loss of complexity.
d.
Some individuals give up independent replication in the larger group. - Answer✔d. Some
individuals give up independent replication in the larger group.
Economies of scale occur in major transitions when
a.
cell-type number increases.
b.
genes become genetically imprinted.
c.
individuals aggregate.
d.
groups can perform tasks more efficiently than individuals. - Answer✔d.
groups can perform tasks more efficiently than individuals.
The eukaryotic nucleus likely originated from a(n)
a.
proteobacterium.
b.
archaeal cell.
4
Biol 2600 Exam Study Questions And Answers|
Already Graded A+| Latest Update.
Which of the following is NOT a shared property of living things?
a.sexual reproduction
b.response to the environment
c.homeostasis
d.structural organization - Answer✔a. sexual reproduction
Describe the four lines of evidence supporting "RNA world." - Answer✔Many present-day
protein-based enzymes have cofactors that may be relics of an RNA world when both catalytic
and structural functions were performed by RNA. In modern organisms, deoxyribonucleotides
of DNA are constructed by first synthesizing a ribonucleotide intermediate and then removing a
hydroxyl group through ribonucleotide reductase. The catalytic site of the ribosome is formed
entirely from RNA. Lab work on the early Earth suggests conditions existed that included the
essential parts of RNA.
When life first evolved, ocean temperatures were ________ and there was ________
atmospheric oxygen.
a.hotter; abundant
b.hotter; no
c.cooler; no
d.cooler; abundant - Answer✔b. hotter, no
Which of the following was NOT a source of molecules in the "prebiotic soup"?
a.
meteorites
b.
1
, ©FYNDALY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:11PM. A+
deep-sea hydrothermal vents
c.
DNA
d.
domets - Answer✔c. DNA
The Miller-Urey experiment is significant because it produced the first scientific evidence that
a.
conditions on Earth 4 billion years ago could produce RNA.
b.
conditions on Earth 4 billion years ago could produce amino acids.
c.
it is possible to produce DNA under the same conditions as on Earth 4 billion years ago.
d.
it is possible to produce LUCA in the laboratory. - Answer✔b. conditions on Earth 4 billion years
ago could produce amino acids.
Which of the following is a reason DNA is favored over RNA as genetic material?
a.
DNA can self-replicate.
b.
DNA mutates more readily, with a weaker repair machinery.
c.
DNA is more stable and thus is a more efficient transmission system.
d.
DNA makes chromosomes. - Answer✔c. DNA is more stable and thus is a more efficient
transmission system.
If horizontal gene transfer was predominant in early evolution, how would this affect our ability
to reconstruct the tree of life?
a.
2
, ©FYNDALY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:11PM. A+
Horizontal gene transfer places viruses firmly at the beginning of the tree of life.
b.
Horizontal gene transfer blurs the concept of species, making it difficult to delineate ancestral
species.
c.
Horizontal gene transfer means that life-forms do not share a history of common descent.
d.
Horizontal gene transfer resulted in chloroplasts that confuse the plant lineage. - Answer✔b.
Horizontal gene transfer blurs the concept of species, making it difficult to delineate ancestral
species.
Differentiate between the coming together and staying together routes posited by evolutionary
biologists as leading to multicellularity. - Answer✔The basic idea behind the staying together
route—also known as the clonal route—is that multicellularity arose when, for one reason or
another, cells in an ancestral unicellular lineage remained together after cell replication. In
contrast, the coming together route involves formerly free-living cells joining together during
the early stages of the evolution of multicellularity. The staying together route is thought to be
much more common than the coming together route and is considered to explain most cases of
multicellularity in plants and animals.
Describe two evolutionary costs and two benefits of group living. - Answer✔Benefits of group
living include forage-related benefits, which can be passive, such as game flushed out by
predator group foraging movements, or communication of foraging information among group
members. Another benefit is increased protection from predators, as detailed in the "many
eyes" hypothesis. Costs of group living include increased transmission of parasites with
increased group size and increased competition for the same resources among group members.
Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?
a.
Evolution always progresses toward complexity.
b.
Complexity, once gained, can be lost.
c.
Complexity, once gained, cannot be lost.
d.
3
, ©FYNDALY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:11PM. A+
Modern bacteria and archaea are vastly more complex than ancestral forms. - Answer✔b.
Complexity, once gained, can be lost.
In what way are single-celled slime mold amoebas and individual honeybees (social insects that
live in colonies) alike?
a.
Signals cause them to aggregate, but they usually live alone.
b.
They are both examples of why group living is disadvantageous.
c.
They are both examples of loss of complexity.
d.
Some individuals give up independent replication in the larger group. - Answer✔d. Some
individuals give up independent replication in the larger group.
Economies of scale occur in major transitions when
a.
cell-type number increases.
b.
genes become genetically imprinted.
c.
individuals aggregate.
d.
groups can perform tasks more efficiently than individuals. - Answer✔d.
groups can perform tasks more efficiently than individuals.
The eukaryotic nucleus likely originated from a(n)
a.
proteobacterium.
b.
archaeal cell.
4
