1
UCLA: Anthro 3 Final
R
"man the hunter" fallacy - ANS -research in 1960s emphasized role of
E
hunting → deemphasized role of gathering (even though it brings 60-80% of the
calories in most hunter gatherer societies)
H
-some hunter-gatherers utilize a cooperative male and female hunting strategy
G
-meat is valued and hunting is inherently more values → even though womans
I
gathering brings in majority of calories in a majority of societies
GH
"once in kula, always in the kula" - ANS -every man in the Kula periodically
but not regularly receives the mwala or souvala necklace and then has to hand it
N
to one of his partners → from who he receives the opposite commodity in
I
exchange
Y
-one transaction does not finish the kula relationship→ partnership between two
L
men is a permanent and lifelong affair
F
-any given mwali or soulava may always be found traveling and changing hands
→ principle of always in the kula also applied to the valuables themselves
"sex and temperament in three societies" - ANS arapesh: both sexes were
gentle → shared traditions of taking care of kids
mundagamor: both sexes behaved aggressively-both hunted
tchambuli: men and women were completely different
, 2
-men dressed up and gossiped
women were dominant, worked and were in charge of trade
"thinking through cultures" - ANS Rich Shweder
ER
"traditional" balinese hindu behavioral inheritance could include: - ANS
H
-joint family living
-prolonged feeding of children by their mothers
G
-no family meals (eating alone_
I
-sexual division of household tasks
H
-daily material offering to gods and spirits
G
-complex life cycle rituals
-polygamy
N
-teeth fillin, cremation, and double burial of bodies
I
-patrilocality and parilineality
LY
1st scientific study of cognitive capacities of "primitives" - ANS Torres
F
Strait expedition in Melanisia(1898)
-W.H.R. Rivers (1864-1922)
-rivers was a british physician and freudian psychologist
-famous for treatment of shell-shocked soldiers
-compared melanesian and english subjects in terms of reaction times,
muscularity, hearing, and senses of smell and taste
, 3
-noted fundamental similarities in abilities
3 major forms of spiritual lineages - ANS divine authority: based on
recognized biological descent from a common ancestor
R
appointment: leaders personally groom, train, and appoint a spiritual heir
E
by election: usually by group of other religious specialists but sometimes by
H
parisioners
G
3 positions on psychological differences between cultures - ANS 1) theories
I
of innate physical differences in brain size→ "savages had smaller brains and
H
less capacity to reason"
G
-comparing to animals
-no scientific validation
N
2)
YI
3 sub-fields of biological anthropology - ANS -primatology
L
-paleoanthropology
F
-contemporary human biological variation
3 subfields of linguistic anthropology - ANS 1) descriptive/structural
linguistics
2) sociolinguistics
3) historical linguistics
, 4
3 theories: every man is in some respects → - ANS -like all other men
-like some other men
-like no other man (Kluckholm 1948)
ER
a commonly utilized traditional healing modality - ANS -trance and
H
possession are a commonly
G
age inequality: hunter gatherer - ANS older members of society are given
I
more honor and respect than the younger ones → old are keepers of memory due
H
to absence of writing
G
agency in context of behavioral inheritance - ANS individuals actively
N
create their cultural wounds
YI
altricial infants - ANS -born helpless after short pregnancy
L
-brains tend to be not quite developed
F
→ in some species biology is directly involved in making them attentive to their
newborns → in others there is a critical period when this bond is forged: basic
evolutionary basis of attachment
-mother must establish bond with infant → tend to be small bodied, small brained
and fast breeding
ex) mice
UCLA: Anthro 3 Final
R
"man the hunter" fallacy - ANS -research in 1960s emphasized role of
E
hunting → deemphasized role of gathering (even though it brings 60-80% of the
calories in most hunter gatherer societies)
H
-some hunter-gatherers utilize a cooperative male and female hunting strategy
G
-meat is valued and hunting is inherently more values → even though womans
I
gathering brings in majority of calories in a majority of societies
GH
"once in kula, always in the kula" - ANS -every man in the Kula periodically
but not regularly receives the mwala or souvala necklace and then has to hand it
N
to one of his partners → from who he receives the opposite commodity in
I
exchange
Y
-one transaction does not finish the kula relationship→ partnership between two
L
men is a permanent and lifelong affair
F
-any given mwali or soulava may always be found traveling and changing hands
→ principle of always in the kula also applied to the valuables themselves
"sex and temperament in three societies" - ANS arapesh: both sexes were
gentle → shared traditions of taking care of kids
mundagamor: both sexes behaved aggressively-both hunted
tchambuli: men and women were completely different
, 2
-men dressed up and gossiped
women were dominant, worked and were in charge of trade
"thinking through cultures" - ANS Rich Shweder
ER
"traditional" balinese hindu behavioral inheritance could include: - ANS
H
-joint family living
-prolonged feeding of children by their mothers
G
-no family meals (eating alone_
I
-sexual division of household tasks
H
-daily material offering to gods and spirits
G
-complex life cycle rituals
-polygamy
N
-teeth fillin, cremation, and double burial of bodies
I
-patrilocality and parilineality
LY
1st scientific study of cognitive capacities of "primitives" - ANS Torres
F
Strait expedition in Melanisia(1898)
-W.H.R. Rivers (1864-1922)
-rivers was a british physician and freudian psychologist
-famous for treatment of shell-shocked soldiers
-compared melanesian and english subjects in terms of reaction times,
muscularity, hearing, and senses of smell and taste
, 3
-noted fundamental similarities in abilities
3 major forms of spiritual lineages - ANS divine authority: based on
recognized biological descent from a common ancestor
R
appointment: leaders personally groom, train, and appoint a spiritual heir
E
by election: usually by group of other religious specialists but sometimes by
H
parisioners
G
3 positions on psychological differences between cultures - ANS 1) theories
I
of innate physical differences in brain size→ "savages had smaller brains and
H
less capacity to reason"
G
-comparing to animals
-no scientific validation
N
2)
YI
3 sub-fields of biological anthropology - ANS -primatology
L
-paleoanthropology
F
-contemporary human biological variation
3 subfields of linguistic anthropology - ANS 1) descriptive/structural
linguistics
2) sociolinguistics
3) historical linguistics
, 4
3 theories: every man is in some respects → - ANS -like all other men
-like some other men
-like no other man (Kluckholm 1948)
ER
a commonly utilized traditional healing modality - ANS -trance and
H
possession are a commonly
G
age inequality: hunter gatherer - ANS older members of society are given
I
more honor and respect than the younger ones → old are keepers of memory due
H
to absence of writing
G
agency in context of behavioral inheritance - ANS individuals actively
N
create their cultural wounds
YI
altricial infants - ANS -born helpless after short pregnancy
L
-brains tend to be not quite developed
F
→ in some species biology is directly involved in making them attentive to their
newborns → in others there is a critical period when this bond is forged: basic
evolutionary basis of attachment
-mother must establish bond with infant → tend to be small bodied, small brained
and fast breeding
ex) mice
