BUL 4421 - x x
Department Assessment Review EXAM Qu
x x x x x
estions With 100% Correct Answers
x x x x
Precedentx(Ch.x1)x–xanswer-
xjudicialxdecisionsxoftenxincludexinterpretationsxofxstatuesxandxadministrativexregulations,xa
sxwellxasxthexreasoningxtheyxusedxtoxarrivexatxaxdecision.x
Suchxreasonsxreliesxheavilyxonxprecedent,xpastxdecisionsxinxsimilarxcasesxthatxguidexlaterx
decisionsxtherebyxprovidingxgreaterxstabilityxandxpredictabilityxtoxthexlaw.
StarexDecisisx-
xanswerxwhenxcourtsxrelyxonxprecedent,xtheyxarexobeyingxthexprinciplexofxstarexdecisisx("sta
ndingxbyxtheirxdecisions"),xinxwhichxrulingsxmadexinxhigherxcourtsxbecomexbindingxprecede
ntxforxlowerxcourts.x9
Whenxanxissuexisxbroughtxbeforexaxstatexcourt,xthexcourtxwillxdeterminexwhetherxthexstatexs
upremexcourtxhasxmadexaxdecisionxonxaxsimilarxissue,xwhichxcreatesxaxbindingxprecedentxo
rxpatternxofxlawxthexlowerxcourtxmustxfollow.
BusinessxEthicsx(ch.x2)x-
xanswerxthexapplicationxofxethicsxtoxthexspecialxproblemsxandxopportunitiesxexperiencexbyx
businessxpeople.
Businessxethicsxbuildsxonxbusinessxlawx-
xanswerxthexlawxbothxaffectsxandxisxaffectedxbyxevolvingxethicalxpatterns.x
Butxbusinessxlawxprovidesxonlyxaxfloorxforxbusinessxethics,xtellingxthexbusinessxleadersxthex
minimallyxacceptablexcoursexofxaction.
Inxpersonamxjurisdictionx(ch.x3)x-
xanswerxthexpowerxofxaxcourtxtoxrenderxaxdecisionxaffectingxaxperson'sxlegalxrights.
Subject-matterxjurisdictionx-
xanswerxthexpowerxofxaxcourtxtoxrenderxaxdecisionxinxaxparticularxtypexofxcase.x
ThexthreexformsxofxSubject-matterxjurisdictionxarexstate,xexclusivexfederal,xandxconcurrent.
, AlternativexDisputexResolutionx(ch.x4)x-
xanswerxrefersxtoxresolutionxofxlegalxdisputesxthroughxmethodsxotherxthanxlitigation,xsuchxa
sxnegotiation,xmediation,xarbitration,xsummaryxjuryxtrials,xminitrials,xneutralxcasexevaluatio
ns,xandxprivatextrials.
BenefitsxofxADRx-
xanswerxwhyxmightxaxbusinessxpreferxtoxresolvexaxdisputexthroughxADRxratherxthanxlitigatio
n?
First,xADRxmethodsxarexgenerallyxfasterxandxcheaperxthanxlitigation.
DuexProcessx(ch.x5)x-
xanswerxforxbusinessxpeoplexandxcorporations,xthex5thxamendmentsxduexprocessxclausexp
rovidesxextensivexprotection.x
Thisxclausexstatesxthatxgovernmentxcannotxdeprivexaxpersonxofxlife,xlibertyxorxpropertyxwith
outxduexprocessxofxlaw.
Duexprocessxclausexguaranteesxtwoxtypesxofxduexprocess:xproceduralxandxsubstantivex-
xanswerxproceduralxduexprocessx-
xrequiresxthatxthexgovtxusexfairxproceduresxwhenxtakingxthexlife,xliberty,xorxpropertyxofxanxind
ividualxorxcorporation.x
Substantivexduexprocessx-
xrefersxtoxthexbasicxfairnessxofxlawsxthatxmayxdeprivexanxindividualxofxlifexorxliberty.
PretrialxCriminalxProcedurex(ch.x7)x-
xanswerxordinarilyxtoxobtainxthexnecessaryxarrestxwarrant,xthexagentxmustxdemonstratexthat
xtherexisxprobablexcause,xorxlikelihood,xthatxaxsuspectxcommittedxorxisxplanningxtoxcommitxa
xcrime.
DamagesxavailablexinxTortxCasesx(ch.x8)x-
xanswerxbecausexthexprimaryxobjectivexofxtortxlawxisxtoxcompensatexvictims,xthexprimaryxtyp
exofxdamagesxisxcompensatoryxdamages.
Damagesxavailablexinxtortxcases:xNominal,xpunitivex-xanswerxnominalxDamages-
xsmallxamountxofxmoneyxgivenxtoxrecognizexthatxaxdefendantxdidxindeedxcommitxaxtortxinxaxc
asexwherexthexplaintiffxsufferedxnoxcompensablexdamages.x
Department Assessment Review EXAM Qu
x x x x x
estions With 100% Correct Answers
x x x x
Precedentx(Ch.x1)x–xanswer-
xjudicialxdecisionsxoftenxincludexinterpretationsxofxstatuesxandxadministrativexregulations,xa
sxwellxasxthexreasoningxtheyxusedxtoxarrivexatxaxdecision.x
Suchxreasonsxreliesxheavilyxonxprecedent,xpastxdecisionsxinxsimilarxcasesxthatxguidexlaterx
decisionsxtherebyxprovidingxgreaterxstabilityxandxpredictabilityxtoxthexlaw.
StarexDecisisx-
xanswerxwhenxcourtsxrelyxonxprecedent,xtheyxarexobeyingxthexprinciplexofxstarexdecisisx("sta
ndingxbyxtheirxdecisions"),xinxwhichxrulingsxmadexinxhigherxcourtsxbecomexbindingxprecede
ntxforxlowerxcourts.x9
Whenxanxissuexisxbroughtxbeforexaxstatexcourt,xthexcourtxwillxdeterminexwhetherxthexstatexs
upremexcourtxhasxmadexaxdecisionxonxaxsimilarxissue,xwhichxcreatesxaxbindingxprecedentxo
rxpatternxofxlawxthexlowerxcourtxmustxfollow.
BusinessxEthicsx(ch.x2)x-
xanswerxthexapplicationxofxethicsxtoxthexspecialxproblemsxandxopportunitiesxexperiencexbyx
businessxpeople.
Businessxethicsxbuildsxonxbusinessxlawx-
xanswerxthexlawxbothxaffectsxandxisxaffectedxbyxevolvingxethicalxpatterns.x
Butxbusinessxlawxprovidesxonlyxaxfloorxforxbusinessxethics,xtellingxthexbusinessxleadersxthex
minimallyxacceptablexcoursexofxaction.
Inxpersonamxjurisdictionx(ch.x3)x-
xanswerxthexpowerxofxaxcourtxtoxrenderxaxdecisionxaffectingxaxperson'sxlegalxrights.
Subject-matterxjurisdictionx-
xanswerxthexpowerxofxaxcourtxtoxrenderxaxdecisionxinxaxparticularxtypexofxcase.x
ThexthreexformsxofxSubject-matterxjurisdictionxarexstate,xexclusivexfederal,xandxconcurrent.
, AlternativexDisputexResolutionx(ch.x4)x-
xanswerxrefersxtoxresolutionxofxlegalxdisputesxthroughxmethodsxotherxthanxlitigation,xsuchxa
sxnegotiation,xmediation,xarbitration,xsummaryxjuryxtrials,xminitrials,xneutralxcasexevaluatio
ns,xandxprivatextrials.
BenefitsxofxADRx-
xanswerxwhyxmightxaxbusinessxpreferxtoxresolvexaxdisputexthroughxADRxratherxthanxlitigatio
n?
First,xADRxmethodsxarexgenerallyxfasterxandxcheaperxthanxlitigation.
DuexProcessx(ch.x5)x-
xanswerxforxbusinessxpeoplexandxcorporations,xthex5thxamendmentsxduexprocessxclausexp
rovidesxextensivexprotection.x
Thisxclausexstatesxthatxgovernmentxcannotxdeprivexaxpersonxofxlife,xlibertyxorxpropertyxwith
outxduexprocessxofxlaw.
Duexprocessxclausexguaranteesxtwoxtypesxofxduexprocess:xproceduralxandxsubstantivex-
xanswerxproceduralxduexprocessx-
xrequiresxthatxthexgovtxusexfairxproceduresxwhenxtakingxthexlife,xliberty,xorxpropertyxofxanxind
ividualxorxcorporation.x
Substantivexduexprocessx-
xrefersxtoxthexbasicxfairnessxofxlawsxthatxmayxdeprivexanxindividualxofxlifexorxliberty.
PretrialxCriminalxProcedurex(ch.x7)x-
xanswerxordinarilyxtoxobtainxthexnecessaryxarrestxwarrant,xthexagentxmustxdemonstratexthat
xtherexisxprobablexcause,xorxlikelihood,xthatxaxsuspectxcommittedxorxisxplanningxtoxcommitxa
xcrime.
DamagesxavailablexinxTortxCasesx(ch.x8)x-
xanswerxbecausexthexprimaryxobjectivexofxtortxlawxisxtoxcompensatexvictims,xthexprimaryxtyp
exofxdamagesxisxcompensatoryxdamages.
Damagesxavailablexinxtortxcases:xNominal,xpunitivex-xanswerxnominalxDamages-
xsmallxamountxofxmoneyxgivenxtoxrecognizexthatxaxdefendantxdidxindeedxcommitxaxtortxinxaxc
asexwherexthexplaintiffxsufferedxnoxcompensablexdamages.x
