2025 STRAIGHTERLINE PSY 101 END OF COURSE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A +
a potential disadvantage to using the survey method to answer questions of interest -
You cannot be sure that answers are completely honest to questions about sensitive
topics
Science - Any discipline that bases its legitimacy on systematic observation and
provable hypotheses rather than on intuition or "common sense."
Mental processes - Private, internal states and operations such as thoughts, feelings
and perceptions that cannot be seen or measured directly, but must be inferred from
observable behavior.
Structuralism - An early psychological approach, developed by Wilhelm Wundt, which
sought to understand the mind through analysis of its basic elements, determined
through controlled introspection.
Functionalism - An early psychological approach, associated with William James, that
focused on the functionality of mental processes and behaviors, rather than breaking
down consciousness into basic elements.
Psychodynamic perspective - The psychological approach developed by Sigmund
Freud that focuses on therapy and operates under the assumption that people's
behavior is motivated by powerful, unconscious inner forces.
Gestalt psychology - A German school of psychology that focuses on how perception
and thinking are organized into unified "wholes" ("gestalt" in German).
Behavioral psychology - The psychological approach that focuses on measuring overt
behavior and influencing behavior through carefully engineered learning experiences.
Neuroscience perspective - The branch of psychology that focuses on the nervous
system and physiological functions in the brain in order to explain behavior and mental
processes.
Cognitive psychology - The psychological approach that focuses on mental processes:
how people perceive, organize and remember information and how these processes
affect behavior.
Humanistic perspective - The psychological approach that emphasizes free will and
humans' innate tendencies to grow, develop and be in control of their lives and
destinies.
Sociocultural perspective - The newest psychological perspective, this is one that insists
that people cannot be fully understood without taking into account their nationality,
ethnicity and other Sociocultural factors.
, Research with nonhuman animals is considered to be ethical only when the following
three conditions are met - Necessity, Health, Humane Treatment
Scientific method - A systematic approach to acquiring knowledge that is based on
empirical observation and rules of evidence.
Coefficient of correlation - A number (ranging from -1.0 to +1.0) that is a statistical
expression of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
Variable - Any factor or characteristic—such as age, height, gender, grade-point
average, etc.—that can vary.
Independent variable - The factor in a formal experiment that is manipulated by the
researcher.
Psychology - A scientific discipline that studies behavior and mental processes.
Dependent variable - The factor in a formal experiment that is expected to vary in
response to changes in the independent variable.
Experimental group - Any group participating in an experiment that receives some
treatment or level of the independent variable.
Sample - A group of individuals taken from the larger population, ideally designed to be
representative of the whole.
Control group - The group in an experiment that is used for comparison purposes and
does not receive the treatment or condition being tested.
Placebo effect - Changes in behavior that occur simply due to people's expectations
and not due to actual treatment, such as when they feel better after being given a sugar
pill that has no active ingredient
Replication - Experiments that attempt to duplicate findings of a previous study in order
to confirm their validity and increase people's confidence in the results.
Random assignment - A method of assigning study participants to different groups by a
chance-based method (such as drawing names out of a hat, or random assignment by
computer).
Double-blind procedure - An experimental method where neither experimenter nor
participant know which was assigned to the experimental and control groups. This
prevents experimental bias.
Hypothesis - A precise prediction about some causal factor or other phenomenon that
can be tested in an experiment.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A +
a potential disadvantage to using the survey method to answer questions of interest -
You cannot be sure that answers are completely honest to questions about sensitive
topics
Science - Any discipline that bases its legitimacy on systematic observation and
provable hypotheses rather than on intuition or "common sense."
Mental processes - Private, internal states and operations such as thoughts, feelings
and perceptions that cannot be seen or measured directly, but must be inferred from
observable behavior.
Structuralism - An early psychological approach, developed by Wilhelm Wundt, which
sought to understand the mind through analysis of its basic elements, determined
through controlled introspection.
Functionalism - An early psychological approach, associated with William James, that
focused on the functionality of mental processes and behaviors, rather than breaking
down consciousness into basic elements.
Psychodynamic perspective - The psychological approach developed by Sigmund
Freud that focuses on therapy and operates under the assumption that people's
behavior is motivated by powerful, unconscious inner forces.
Gestalt psychology - A German school of psychology that focuses on how perception
and thinking are organized into unified "wholes" ("gestalt" in German).
Behavioral psychology - The psychological approach that focuses on measuring overt
behavior and influencing behavior through carefully engineered learning experiences.
Neuroscience perspective - The branch of psychology that focuses on the nervous
system and physiological functions in the brain in order to explain behavior and mental
processes.
Cognitive psychology - The psychological approach that focuses on mental processes:
how people perceive, organize and remember information and how these processes
affect behavior.
Humanistic perspective - The psychological approach that emphasizes free will and
humans' innate tendencies to grow, develop and be in control of their lives and
destinies.
Sociocultural perspective - The newest psychological perspective, this is one that insists
that people cannot be fully understood without taking into account their nationality,
ethnicity and other Sociocultural factors.
, Research with nonhuman animals is considered to be ethical only when the following
three conditions are met - Necessity, Health, Humane Treatment
Scientific method - A systematic approach to acquiring knowledge that is based on
empirical observation and rules of evidence.
Coefficient of correlation - A number (ranging from -1.0 to +1.0) that is a statistical
expression of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
Variable - Any factor or characteristic—such as age, height, gender, grade-point
average, etc.—that can vary.
Independent variable - The factor in a formal experiment that is manipulated by the
researcher.
Psychology - A scientific discipline that studies behavior and mental processes.
Dependent variable - The factor in a formal experiment that is expected to vary in
response to changes in the independent variable.
Experimental group - Any group participating in an experiment that receives some
treatment or level of the independent variable.
Sample - A group of individuals taken from the larger population, ideally designed to be
representative of the whole.
Control group - The group in an experiment that is used for comparison purposes and
does not receive the treatment or condition being tested.
Placebo effect - Changes in behavior that occur simply due to people's expectations
and not due to actual treatment, such as when they feel better after being given a sugar
pill that has no active ingredient
Replication - Experiments that attempt to duplicate findings of a previous study in order
to confirm their validity and increase people's confidence in the results.
Random assignment - A method of assigning study participants to different groups by a
chance-based method (such as drawing names out of a hat, or random assignment by
computer).
Double-blind procedure - An experimental method where neither experimenter nor
participant know which was assigned to the experimental and control groups. This
prevents experimental bias.
Hypothesis - A precise prediction about some causal factor or other phenomenon that
can be tested in an experiment.
