NURS 262 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Aspirin Indications
-Relief of mild to moderate pain
-Antipyretic agent (in adults)
-Reduces platelet aggregation
Aspirin Adverse Effects
- Nausea, dyspepsia, heartburn, epigastric discomfort
- GI blood loss and hemorrhage (caused by decreased platelet aggregation)
- Aspirin toxicity (levels >300mcg/mL)
- Acute toxicity
o Respiratory alkalosis, hyperpnea, tachypnea, hemorrhage, confusion, pulmonary
edema, seizures, tetany, metabolic acidosis, fever, coma, and cardiovascular collapse
- Renal and respiratory failure
- Salicylate toxicity
- Dizziness, tinnitus, difficulty hearing, and mental confusion
- Increased risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and neonatal acidosis and
bleeding, low birth weight, intracranial bleeding, and still birth
-Hypersensitivity: dyspnea, bronchospasm, and rash
Aspirin Contraindications
,- Children (causes Reye's syndrome)
- Known sensitivity to aspirin
- Allergy to tartrazine (yellow #5)
- Cross sensitivity
- Known risk of bleeding
- Black box warning for children and teens with chicken pox of flu-like symptoms
- Use with caution with impaired renal function
-Pregnancy
Aspirin Nursing Implications
-Use with caution in patients with renal impairment
- Give with water and food (to decrease gastric upset)
- Crushing tablets leads to fast absorption but destroys the long-acting feature and
increases the risk of adverse effects and toxicity
-IV sodium bicarbonate indicated for severe salicylate toxicity
Aspirin Patient Teaching
- Keep out of reach of children
- Take with water and food
- Do not crush or chew enteric-coated or extended release
- Teach adverse effects
- Avoid 2 weeks before and after major surgery or dental procedure
- If pregnant, avoid 2 weeks before delivery date
- Avoid and minimize ingestion of alcohol
-Use aspirin cautiously with patients on a low-sodium diet
,Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Indications
-Antipyretic
-Non-narcotic analgesic
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Adverse Effects
- Hepatotoxicity
- Renal failure
- Hypersensitivity (rash, fever)
- Myocardial damage
- Acute or chronic overdose can result in liver damage or fatal liver necrosis
-Nephrotoxic in overdose
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the drug
- Hepatic impairment
- Renal damage
- Alcohol consumption (especially alcoholics and those who drink regularly)
- Liver damage
- Chronic alcohol user
- Cigarette smoking and anti-seizure medication
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Using Implications
- Drug crosses placenta and enters breast milk
- Herbal supplements (willow, meadow root, and ginkgo) increase the effects of
acetaminophen
- Give with food
, - Administered orally and rectally
- May be combined with oxycodone and OTC medication for cold, flu, and headache
and sinus remedies
- Duration
- 5 days or less for children
- 10 days or less for adults
- 3 days in adults and children if used to reduce fever
- Assessing for adverse effects:
- Jaundice
- Urinary output
- Blood urea nitrogen
- Creatinine
- Rash
- Fever
-Increased liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST, GGT)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Patient Teaching
- Take with food
- Do not take while drinking alcohol
Ibuprofen (Advil & Motrin) Indications
- Mild to moderate pain
- Dysmenorrhea
- Inflammation due to rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
- Relieve fever
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Aspirin Indications
-Relief of mild to moderate pain
-Antipyretic agent (in adults)
-Reduces platelet aggregation
Aspirin Adverse Effects
- Nausea, dyspepsia, heartburn, epigastric discomfort
- GI blood loss and hemorrhage (caused by decreased platelet aggregation)
- Aspirin toxicity (levels >300mcg/mL)
- Acute toxicity
o Respiratory alkalosis, hyperpnea, tachypnea, hemorrhage, confusion, pulmonary
edema, seizures, tetany, metabolic acidosis, fever, coma, and cardiovascular collapse
- Renal and respiratory failure
- Salicylate toxicity
- Dizziness, tinnitus, difficulty hearing, and mental confusion
- Increased risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and neonatal acidosis and
bleeding, low birth weight, intracranial bleeding, and still birth
-Hypersensitivity: dyspnea, bronchospasm, and rash
Aspirin Contraindications
,- Children (causes Reye's syndrome)
- Known sensitivity to aspirin
- Allergy to tartrazine (yellow #5)
- Cross sensitivity
- Known risk of bleeding
- Black box warning for children and teens with chicken pox of flu-like symptoms
- Use with caution with impaired renal function
-Pregnancy
Aspirin Nursing Implications
-Use with caution in patients with renal impairment
- Give with water and food (to decrease gastric upset)
- Crushing tablets leads to fast absorption but destroys the long-acting feature and
increases the risk of adverse effects and toxicity
-IV sodium bicarbonate indicated for severe salicylate toxicity
Aspirin Patient Teaching
- Keep out of reach of children
- Take with water and food
- Do not crush or chew enteric-coated or extended release
- Teach adverse effects
- Avoid 2 weeks before and after major surgery or dental procedure
- If pregnant, avoid 2 weeks before delivery date
- Avoid and minimize ingestion of alcohol
-Use aspirin cautiously with patients on a low-sodium diet
,Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Indications
-Antipyretic
-Non-narcotic analgesic
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Adverse Effects
- Hepatotoxicity
- Renal failure
- Hypersensitivity (rash, fever)
- Myocardial damage
- Acute or chronic overdose can result in liver damage or fatal liver necrosis
-Nephrotoxic in overdose
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the drug
- Hepatic impairment
- Renal damage
- Alcohol consumption (especially alcoholics and those who drink regularly)
- Liver damage
- Chronic alcohol user
- Cigarette smoking and anti-seizure medication
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Using Implications
- Drug crosses placenta and enters breast milk
- Herbal supplements (willow, meadow root, and ginkgo) increase the effects of
acetaminophen
- Give with food
, - Administered orally and rectally
- May be combined with oxycodone and OTC medication for cold, flu, and headache
and sinus remedies
- Duration
- 5 days or less for children
- 10 days or less for adults
- 3 days in adults and children if used to reduce fever
- Assessing for adverse effects:
- Jaundice
- Urinary output
- Blood urea nitrogen
- Creatinine
- Rash
- Fever
-Increased liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST, GGT)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Patient Teaching
- Take with food
- Do not take while drinking alcohol
Ibuprofen (Advil & Motrin) Indications
- Mild to moderate pain
- Dysmenorrhea
- Inflammation due to rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
- Relieve fever
