NURS 262 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
causes of delirium
- drug interactions or sensitivity
- hospitalization and surgery
- dehydration
- infection or illness
causes of dementia
- age
- poor heart health
- genetics
- traumatic brain injury
features of delirium
- develops suddenly
- reversible
- usually caused by condition / medication / withdrawal
- inappropriate, slow, frequently incoherent language
- sundowing
- varied memory
- visual and tactile hallucinations are prominent
- requires immediate medical attention
,features of dementia
- onset is insidious
- slow, progressive course
- cause is neurologic
- normal level of consciousness
- struggle to find appropriate words
- memory loss of recent events
- delusions
- nonemergency medical attention
delirium
onset: acute
course: fluctuating
awareness: impaired
attention: disturbed
memory: poor working and immediate recall
delusions: often short-lived or changing
sleep disturbances: fragmented sleep
dementia
onset: insidious
course: gradual deterioration
awareness: often clear until advanced stages
attention: often good until advanced stages
memory: poor short-term memory
,delusions: more fixed
sleep disturbances: sleep-wake reversal
dementia
slow onset, does not alter vital signs, and is irreversible
delirium
rapid onset, can alter vital signs and level of consciousness, and is reversible
characteristics of delirium
- alteration in level consciousness
- disorientation
- anxiety
- agitation
- poor memory
- delusional thinking
- hallucinations
risk factors of delirium
- cognitive impairment
- sleep deprivation
- immobility
- visual or hearing impairment
- dehydration
interventions for delirium
, - frequent reorientation
- glasses and hearing aids
- use medications carefully that can cause confusion
four cardinal features of delirium
1. acute onset and fluctuating course
2. reduced ability to direct, focus, shift, and sustain attention
3. disorganized thinking
4. disturbance of consciousness
implementation of delirium
- prevent physical harm due to confusion, aggression, or fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- perform comprehensive nursing assessment to aid in identifying cause
- assist with proper health management to eradicate underlying cause
- use supportive measures to relieve distress
assessment of delirium
- review level of confusion on admission
- daily observation for at risk patients
- clinical assessments to identify source of delirium
dementia
- progressive deterioration of cognitive functioning and global impairment of intellect
- no change in consciousness
- difficulty with memory, problem solving, and complex attention
- alzheimer's is a type of this
assessment of dementia
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
causes of delirium
- drug interactions or sensitivity
- hospitalization and surgery
- dehydration
- infection or illness
causes of dementia
- age
- poor heart health
- genetics
- traumatic brain injury
features of delirium
- develops suddenly
- reversible
- usually caused by condition / medication / withdrawal
- inappropriate, slow, frequently incoherent language
- sundowing
- varied memory
- visual and tactile hallucinations are prominent
- requires immediate medical attention
,features of dementia
- onset is insidious
- slow, progressive course
- cause is neurologic
- normal level of consciousness
- struggle to find appropriate words
- memory loss of recent events
- delusions
- nonemergency medical attention
delirium
onset: acute
course: fluctuating
awareness: impaired
attention: disturbed
memory: poor working and immediate recall
delusions: often short-lived or changing
sleep disturbances: fragmented sleep
dementia
onset: insidious
course: gradual deterioration
awareness: often clear until advanced stages
attention: often good until advanced stages
memory: poor short-term memory
,delusions: more fixed
sleep disturbances: sleep-wake reversal
dementia
slow onset, does not alter vital signs, and is irreversible
delirium
rapid onset, can alter vital signs and level of consciousness, and is reversible
characteristics of delirium
- alteration in level consciousness
- disorientation
- anxiety
- agitation
- poor memory
- delusional thinking
- hallucinations
risk factors of delirium
- cognitive impairment
- sleep deprivation
- immobility
- visual or hearing impairment
- dehydration
interventions for delirium
, - frequent reorientation
- glasses and hearing aids
- use medications carefully that can cause confusion
four cardinal features of delirium
1. acute onset and fluctuating course
2. reduced ability to direct, focus, shift, and sustain attention
3. disorganized thinking
4. disturbance of consciousness
implementation of delirium
- prevent physical harm due to confusion, aggression, or fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- perform comprehensive nursing assessment to aid in identifying cause
- assist with proper health management to eradicate underlying cause
- use supportive measures to relieve distress
assessment of delirium
- review level of confusion on admission
- daily observation for at risk patients
- clinical assessments to identify source of delirium
dementia
- progressive deterioration of cognitive functioning and global impairment of intellect
- no change in consciousness
- difficulty with memory, problem solving, and complex attention
- alzheimer's is a type of this
assessment of dementia
