APEA EXAM
An enlarged liver with a smooth tender edge may suggest: - ANS-right sided heart failure
An enlarged liver with a firm, non tender edge may suggest: - ANS-Cirrhosis, hemochromatosis
(increase iron intake in the blood and lymphoma
An enlarged liver that is firm or hard and has an irregular edge or surface - ANS-Hepatocellular
carcinoma
S/S associated with diabetic gastroparesis may include: - ANS-Vomiting of undigested food
Weight loss
Erratic glucose levels
GERD
What is sarcopenia and what causes it? - ANS-Sarcopenia = age related loss of skeletal
muscle mass
Causes:
-inactivity
-protein imbalance
-mitochondrial dysfunction
-insulin resistance
-oxidative stress
-increased inflammatory factors
-loss of motor units as muscle ages
Psoas sign - ANS-RLQ pain with extension of right thigh indicative of appendicitis
Rovsing's sign - ANS-Pain in RLQ with palpation of LLQ indicative of appendicitis
Obturator's sign - ANS-RLQ on internal rotation of right thigh indicative of appendicitis
Murphy's sign - ANS-pain with palpation of the RUQ during inspiration, indicative of
cholecystitis
acute pancreatitis - ANS-inflammation of the pancreas secondary to the leakage of pancreatic
enzymes from the acinar cells into the parenchyma of the organ
Pain is localized in the abdomen, can be epigastric and may radiate to the posterior trunk
, biliary colic - ANS-pain in the gallbladder caused by gallstones obstructing bile flow
Pain in the epigastric or RUQ and may radiate to right shoulder or scapula
pain in epigastric region - ANS-Suggests indigestion, heartburn or stomach cancer
Referred pain from biliary tree - ANS-right shoulder or right posterior chest
Referred pain of duodenal or pancreatic origin - ANS-referred to back
Heartburn - ANS-A retrosternal sensation of burning felt in waves and arising upward toward
the neck.
Stool that appears bloody, mucoid, or with pus may indicate: - ANS-Crohn's disease
Thin, pencil-like stool "Apple core " can be associated with what? - ANS-Lesion of the sigmoid
colon
hard dry stool - ANS-constipation
red streaked stool - ANS-Presence of hemorrhoids
anal fissure - ANS-a small linear tear in the skin of the anal opening that can cause severe pain
during a bowel movement
A patient was instructed to point to the location of his pain. He pointed to just below the sternal
clavicular notch, which likely indicates. - ANS-Esophageal dysphasia
Pain associated with located with diabetic gastroparesis - ANS-Located in the upper abdomen
Pain associated with oropharyngeal dysphasia - ANS-Located in cervical neck region
What is pain located in esophageal varices ? - ANS-Retrosternal
When inspecting the abdomen of a 60-year-old male, dilated veins were noted, especially in the
mid and upper abdomen. This condition is associated with. - ANS-hepatic cirrhosis
caput medusae - ANS-Dilated veins around the umbilicus, associated with cirrhosis of the liver.
Secondary to portal hypertension
When performing a digital rectal exam, a soft, pedunculated lesion is palpated. This finding is
most likely - ANS-Rectal polyp
An enlarged liver with a smooth tender edge may suggest: - ANS-right sided heart failure
An enlarged liver with a firm, non tender edge may suggest: - ANS-Cirrhosis, hemochromatosis
(increase iron intake in the blood and lymphoma
An enlarged liver that is firm or hard and has an irregular edge or surface - ANS-Hepatocellular
carcinoma
S/S associated with diabetic gastroparesis may include: - ANS-Vomiting of undigested food
Weight loss
Erratic glucose levels
GERD
What is sarcopenia and what causes it? - ANS-Sarcopenia = age related loss of skeletal
muscle mass
Causes:
-inactivity
-protein imbalance
-mitochondrial dysfunction
-insulin resistance
-oxidative stress
-increased inflammatory factors
-loss of motor units as muscle ages
Psoas sign - ANS-RLQ pain with extension of right thigh indicative of appendicitis
Rovsing's sign - ANS-Pain in RLQ with palpation of LLQ indicative of appendicitis
Obturator's sign - ANS-RLQ on internal rotation of right thigh indicative of appendicitis
Murphy's sign - ANS-pain with palpation of the RUQ during inspiration, indicative of
cholecystitis
acute pancreatitis - ANS-inflammation of the pancreas secondary to the leakage of pancreatic
enzymes from the acinar cells into the parenchyma of the organ
Pain is localized in the abdomen, can be epigastric and may radiate to the posterior trunk
, biliary colic - ANS-pain in the gallbladder caused by gallstones obstructing bile flow
Pain in the epigastric or RUQ and may radiate to right shoulder or scapula
pain in epigastric region - ANS-Suggests indigestion, heartburn or stomach cancer
Referred pain from biliary tree - ANS-right shoulder or right posterior chest
Referred pain of duodenal or pancreatic origin - ANS-referred to back
Heartburn - ANS-A retrosternal sensation of burning felt in waves and arising upward toward
the neck.
Stool that appears bloody, mucoid, or with pus may indicate: - ANS-Crohn's disease
Thin, pencil-like stool "Apple core " can be associated with what? - ANS-Lesion of the sigmoid
colon
hard dry stool - ANS-constipation
red streaked stool - ANS-Presence of hemorrhoids
anal fissure - ANS-a small linear tear in the skin of the anal opening that can cause severe pain
during a bowel movement
A patient was instructed to point to the location of his pain. He pointed to just below the sternal
clavicular notch, which likely indicates. - ANS-Esophageal dysphasia
Pain associated with located with diabetic gastroparesis - ANS-Located in the upper abdomen
Pain associated with oropharyngeal dysphasia - ANS-Located in cervical neck region
What is pain located in esophageal varices ? - ANS-Retrosternal
When inspecting the abdomen of a 60-year-old male, dilated veins were noted, especially in the
mid and upper abdomen. This condition is associated with. - ANS-hepatic cirrhosis
caput medusae - ANS-Dilated veins around the umbilicus, associated with cirrhosis of the liver.
Secondary to portal hypertension
When performing a digital rectal exam, a soft, pedunculated lesion is palpated. This finding is
most likely - ANS-Rectal polyp
