APEA- Cardiovascular Assessment
To auscultate the tricuspid valve heart sounds in an adult patient, place the stethoscope:
between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the right upper sternal border.
near the apex of the heart between the 5th and 6th intercostal spaces in the midclavicular line.
located between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border.
between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left lower sternal border. -
ANS-between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left lower sternal border.
To auscultate the heart sounds arising from the pulmonic valve in an adult patient, place the
stethoscope:
near the apex of the heart between the 5th and 6th intercostal spaces in the mid-clavicular line.
between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the right upper sternal border.
between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border.
between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left lower sternal border. -
ANS-between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border.
What heart sounds are heard during auscultation of a man with Marfan syndrome who has a
known mitral valve prolapse?
An opening snap
A mid-systolic click
A flat blowing pitch
A fourth heart sound (S4) - ANS-A mid-systolic click
Pulse pressure is determined by subtracting diastolic blood pressure (DSP) from systolic blood
pressure (SBP). A widened pulse pressure means that:
the SBP drops 20 mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing.
the difference is >100 mm Hg.
the DBP is greater than the SBP.
the difference is 40 mm Hg. - ANS-the difference is >100 mm Hg.
A disease that may present as indigestion, but is precipitated by exertion and relieved by rest is
most likely:
gastroesophageal reflux.
inflammatory bowel disease.
angina.
aortic stenosis. - ANS-angina.
A patient complains of some pain in the distal portions of her fingers on both hands. She states
that it tends to occur more frequently with exposure to cold. These symptoms may be consistent
with:
intermittent claudication.
, Raynaud's disease.
deep venous thrombosis.
superficial thrombophlebitis. - ANS-Raynaud's disease.
Pain or cramping of the legs that occurs during exertion and is relieved by rest is termed:
neurogenic claudication.
intermittent claudication.
atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease.
Raynaud's disease. - ANS-intermittent claudication.
A sudden, tearing, sharp pain that begins in the chest and radiates to the back or into the neck
is usually associated with:
angina pectoris.
a myocardial infarction.
an aortic dissection.
pericarditis. - ANS-an aortic dissection.
A twelve-month-old has a history of heart failure related to his congenital heart defect. He is
receiving aldactone (Spironolactone), enalapril (Vasotec), furosemide (Lasix), and
acetaminophen (Tylenol). The infant's potassium level is 3.1 mEq/l. Which medication is most
likely decreasing his potassium level?
Aldactone (Spironolactone)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - ANS-Furosemide (Lasix)
A patient complains of a tight, bursting pain in the calf that increases with walking. Elevation of
the leg sometimes relieves the pain. These symptoms may be consistent with:
intermittent claudication.
Raynaud's disease.
deep venous thrombosis.
superficial thrombophlebitis. - ANS-deep venous thrombosis.
Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension include all of the following except:
syncope.
unsteadiness.
visual blurring.
respiratory rate greater than 30. - ANS-respiratory rate greater than 30.
When auscultating the heart for aortic insufficiency, ask the patient to:
lie supine and inhale.
exhale while standing.
turn to the left side and breath deeply.
sit up, lean forward, and exhale. - ANS-sit up, lean forward, and exhale.
To auscultate the tricuspid valve heart sounds in an adult patient, place the stethoscope:
between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the right upper sternal border.
near the apex of the heart between the 5th and 6th intercostal spaces in the midclavicular line.
located between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border.
between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left lower sternal border. -
ANS-between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left lower sternal border.
To auscultate the heart sounds arising from the pulmonic valve in an adult patient, place the
stethoscope:
near the apex of the heart between the 5th and 6th intercostal spaces in the mid-clavicular line.
between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the right upper sternal border.
between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border.
between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left lower sternal border. -
ANS-between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border.
What heart sounds are heard during auscultation of a man with Marfan syndrome who has a
known mitral valve prolapse?
An opening snap
A mid-systolic click
A flat blowing pitch
A fourth heart sound (S4) - ANS-A mid-systolic click
Pulse pressure is determined by subtracting diastolic blood pressure (DSP) from systolic blood
pressure (SBP). A widened pulse pressure means that:
the SBP drops 20 mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing.
the difference is >100 mm Hg.
the DBP is greater than the SBP.
the difference is 40 mm Hg. - ANS-the difference is >100 mm Hg.
A disease that may present as indigestion, but is precipitated by exertion and relieved by rest is
most likely:
gastroesophageal reflux.
inflammatory bowel disease.
angina.
aortic stenosis. - ANS-angina.
A patient complains of some pain in the distal portions of her fingers on both hands. She states
that it tends to occur more frequently with exposure to cold. These symptoms may be consistent
with:
intermittent claudication.
, Raynaud's disease.
deep venous thrombosis.
superficial thrombophlebitis. - ANS-Raynaud's disease.
Pain or cramping of the legs that occurs during exertion and is relieved by rest is termed:
neurogenic claudication.
intermittent claudication.
atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease.
Raynaud's disease. - ANS-intermittent claudication.
A sudden, tearing, sharp pain that begins in the chest and radiates to the back or into the neck
is usually associated with:
angina pectoris.
a myocardial infarction.
an aortic dissection.
pericarditis. - ANS-an aortic dissection.
A twelve-month-old has a history of heart failure related to his congenital heart defect. He is
receiving aldactone (Spironolactone), enalapril (Vasotec), furosemide (Lasix), and
acetaminophen (Tylenol). The infant's potassium level is 3.1 mEq/l. Which medication is most
likely decreasing his potassium level?
Aldactone (Spironolactone)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - ANS-Furosemide (Lasix)
A patient complains of a tight, bursting pain in the calf that increases with walking. Elevation of
the leg sometimes relieves the pain. These symptoms may be consistent with:
intermittent claudication.
Raynaud's disease.
deep venous thrombosis.
superficial thrombophlebitis. - ANS-deep venous thrombosis.
Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension include all of the following except:
syncope.
unsteadiness.
visual blurring.
respiratory rate greater than 30. - ANS-respiratory rate greater than 30.
When auscultating the heart for aortic insufficiency, ask the patient to:
lie supine and inhale.
exhale while standing.
turn to the left side and breath deeply.
sit up, lean forward, and exhale. - ANS-sit up, lean forward, and exhale.
