Nursing 3100 UCONN Final Exam
What common antidepressant can cause hyponatremia?
What other drug? - ANS-SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
thiazide diuretics, ecstasy
what are the risks of reversing hyponatremia too quickly? - ANS-brainstem herniation and risk
of cerebral pontine myelinolysis
Which is more fatal? hyperkalemia or hypokalemia? - ANS-hyperkalemia
Where do the greatest losses of potassium occur normally? - ANS-greatest losses of potassium
occur normally in the distal tubules of the kidney--> you are losing potassium through bowel
movements
Why should one measure urine output before starting a potassium containing IV infusion in a
traumatized patient? - ANS-to check for hypernatremia
to make sure urine output is in normal range
Decreased urine output could also mean increasing of the potassium in the blood which could
be fatal
TPN - ANS-total parenteral nutrition (if the gut is not working the patient would get its nutrients
through this)
What are the signs of excess fluid in the body? - ANS-jugular venous distension
bounding pulses
distended neck veins
hypertension
Mrs. F. has decreased urine volume with a specific gravity of 1.09. Her sodium is 155 mEq/L
and her H/H are abnormally elevated as is her serum albumin. What do you suspect? -
ANS-Hypernatremia
Patients receiving tube feedings who are not also given additional water are at risk for what
electrolyte imbalance that may result in changes in personality, agitation, and confusion? -
ANS-could have elevated sodium and potassium levels
, What does Trousseau's phenomenon and positive Chvostek's sign indicate? -
ANS-Hypocalcemic Tetany
What increases the risk of hyponatremia in older adults? - ANS-Prostate surgery
hyperglycemia
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
Increased ADH
SSRI's
Diuretics
kidney disease
How do Thiazide diuretics and SSRIs cause hyponatremia - ANS-SSRIs and Diuretics cause
excess sodium loss through urine because it causes water retention
In Red Hat Hikers what was the problem with Sue? - ANS-she had hyponatremia
How could sue with hyponatremia be treated? - ANS-water restriction and increased sodium
intake
How do antiemetics work? - ANS-Block the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) via various
avenues
What is the physiology of nausea and vomiting? - ANS-The vomiting/emesis center is located in
the medulla oblongata
Direct and indirect stimulants activate that center
CTZ zone - ANS-area of the medulla oblongata thatcommunicates with other structures in the
vomiting center to initiate vomiting
The receptors of the [anti]emetic response: - ANS-serotonin (brain/stomach area)
Glucocorticoids
Neurokinan (brain area)
Dopamine (brain area)
Acetylcholine
Histamine (vestibular area of the brain)
Cholinergic receptors (vestibular area of the brain)
When should antiemetics be given? - ANS-at least one hour before symptoms
Four classes of antiemetic agents: - ANS-Anticholinergic
Antihistamine
Dopamine receptor blockers
Serotonin receptor blockers
What common antidepressant can cause hyponatremia?
What other drug? - ANS-SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
thiazide diuretics, ecstasy
what are the risks of reversing hyponatremia too quickly? - ANS-brainstem herniation and risk
of cerebral pontine myelinolysis
Which is more fatal? hyperkalemia or hypokalemia? - ANS-hyperkalemia
Where do the greatest losses of potassium occur normally? - ANS-greatest losses of potassium
occur normally in the distal tubules of the kidney--> you are losing potassium through bowel
movements
Why should one measure urine output before starting a potassium containing IV infusion in a
traumatized patient? - ANS-to check for hypernatremia
to make sure urine output is in normal range
Decreased urine output could also mean increasing of the potassium in the blood which could
be fatal
TPN - ANS-total parenteral nutrition (if the gut is not working the patient would get its nutrients
through this)
What are the signs of excess fluid in the body? - ANS-jugular venous distension
bounding pulses
distended neck veins
hypertension
Mrs. F. has decreased urine volume with a specific gravity of 1.09. Her sodium is 155 mEq/L
and her H/H are abnormally elevated as is her serum albumin. What do you suspect? -
ANS-Hypernatremia
Patients receiving tube feedings who are not also given additional water are at risk for what
electrolyte imbalance that may result in changes in personality, agitation, and confusion? -
ANS-could have elevated sodium and potassium levels
, What does Trousseau's phenomenon and positive Chvostek's sign indicate? -
ANS-Hypocalcemic Tetany
What increases the risk of hyponatremia in older adults? - ANS-Prostate surgery
hyperglycemia
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
Increased ADH
SSRI's
Diuretics
kidney disease
How do Thiazide diuretics and SSRIs cause hyponatremia - ANS-SSRIs and Diuretics cause
excess sodium loss through urine because it causes water retention
In Red Hat Hikers what was the problem with Sue? - ANS-she had hyponatremia
How could sue with hyponatremia be treated? - ANS-water restriction and increased sodium
intake
How do antiemetics work? - ANS-Block the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) via various
avenues
What is the physiology of nausea and vomiting? - ANS-The vomiting/emesis center is located in
the medulla oblongata
Direct and indirect stimulants activate that center
CTZ zone - ANS-area of the medulla oblongata thatcommunicates with other structures in the
vomiting center to initiate vomiting
The receptors of the [anti]emetic response: - ANS-serotonin (brain/stomach area)
Glucocorticoids
Neurokinan (brain area)
Dopamine (brain area)
Acetylcholine
Histamine (vestibular area of the brain)
Cholinergic receptors (vestibular area of the brain)
When should antiemetics be given? - ANS-at least one hour before symptoms
Four classes of antiemetic agents: - ANS-Anticholinergic
Antihistamine
Dopamine receptor blockers
Serotonin receptor blockers
