NRSG 3100 Exam #3
What are the most commonly dx types of cancer - ANS-breast, lung, colon, prostate and skin
Primary cancer prevention - ANS-Health counseling and education from nurse
Elimination of tobacco
Receive HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer
Maintain healthy diet
Maintaining weight within the recommended levels
Decreasing excess stress
Avoiding chronic or prolong exposure to direct sunlight or wearing protective clothing or
sunscreen
Secondary cancer prevention - ANS-includes interventions leading to the discovery and control
of cancerous or precancerous lesions while they are small and localized, including:
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear annually for females older than 18 years or who are sexually active
Colonoscopy per HCP recommendations
Mammograms per HCP recommendations
Prostate screening per HCP recommendations
Monthly breast exams for women of menstruating age and older
Regular skin self-examinations to check for abnormal lesions
Cancer staging - ANS-Where the cancer is located; extent of its invasion
Done to determine to extent to which cancer has invaded the body; helps determine the best
course of therapy and predict treatment outcomes.
Cancer grading - ANS-Looks at differentiation of the cancer cells
Cancer cells change and become less differentiated in both structure and function
Unlike staging, grading may change over time as the tumor evolves
3 types of cancer treatment - ANS-Surgery- local
Chemotherapy- systemic
Radiation Therapy- local or systemic
Why do we give chemo - ANS-Cure, Control and Palliation
What can limit the amount of chemo someone can receive - ANS-Myleosuppression
(dose-limiting toxicity)
What are myleoids - ANS-WBCs, Platlets, RBCs
, nadir - ANS-the lowest point thar myeloids can get in a person before chemo should be
stopped
patients will be most susceptible to symptoms caused by the myelosuppression, such as
anemia, infections, or bleeding
Why does chemo cause N/V - ANS-The vomiting center in the medulla is triggered by many
antineoplastics, resulting in significant nausea and vomiting
How long is a cancer patient typically nauseous after chemo - ANS-From minute into the
transfusion to up to 6 days after
Best way to prevent N/V in chemo pt's - ANS-PRE-medicate with antiemetic 1-2 hours before
surgery
S/S of mucositis - ANS-Painful ulcerations along mouth and esophagus
Difficulty eating or swallowing
GI bleeding
Intestinal infections
Severe diarrhea
Which chemo is known to be cardiotoxic - ANS-doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Adriana dox-ian has heart issues
Which chemo cause pnuemoitis - ANS-bleomycin (Blenoxane)
"B" turns you blue
Which chemo is known to cause kidney failure - ANS-cisplatin (Platinol)
You need to C them P
Another name for antineoplastics - ANS-alkylating agents
How long should you wait to get pregnant after chemo - ANS-3-6 months
Rapid care for chemo extravasation - ANS-Stop infusion
Elevate limb
Some antineoplastics have specific antidote
Apply hot or cold. Follow instructions from pharmacist (aspiration, etc)
Effects of extravasated chemo - ANS-Fatigue, neurotoxicity, alopecia, cachexia (tissue
wasting), and secondary cancer due to immunosuppression
Education for cancer patients - ANS-Avoid antipyretics (they may mask a fever) without direct
PCP approval (e.g. Tylenol)
What are the most commonly dx types of cancer - ANS-breast, lung, colon, prostate and skin
Primary cancer prevention - ANS-Health counseling and education from nurse
Elimination of tobacco
Receive HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer
Maintain healthy diet
Maintaining weight within the recommended levels
Decreasing excess stress
Avoiding chronic or prolong exposure to direct sunlight or wearing protective clothing or
sunscreen
Secondary cancer prevention - ANS-includes interventions leading to the discovery and control
of cancerous or precancerous lesions while they are small and localized, including:
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear annually for females older than 18 years or who are sexually active
Colonoscopy per HCP recommendations
Mammograms per HCP recommendations
Prostate screening per HCP recommendations
Monthly breast exams for women of menstruating age and older
Regular skin self-examinations to check for abnormal lesions
Cancer staging - ANS-Where the cancer is located; extent of its invasion
Done to determine to extent to which cancer has invaded the body; helps determine the best
course of therapy and predict treatment outcomes.
Cancer grading - ANS-Looks at differentiation of the cancer cells
Cancer cells change and become less differentiated in both structure and function
Unlike staging, grading may change over time as the tumor evolves
3 types of cancer treatment - ANS-Surgery- local
Chemotherapy- systemic
Radiation Therapy- local or systemic
Why do we give chemo - ANS-Cure, Control and Palliation
What can limit the amount of chemo someone can receive - ANS-Myleosuppression
(dose-limiting toxicity)
What are myleoids - ANS-WBCs, Platlets, RBCs
, nadir - ANS-the lowest point thar myeloids can get in a person before chemo should be
stopped
patients will be most susceptible to symptoms caused by the myelosuppression, such as
anemia, infections, or bleeding
Why does chemo cause N/V - ANS-The vomiting center in the medulla is triggered by many
antineoplastics, resulting in significant nausea and vomiting
How long is a cancer patient typically nauseous after chemo - ANS-From minute into the
transfusion to up to 6 days after
Best way to prevent N/V in chemo pt's - ANS-PRE-medicate with antiemetic 1-2 hours before
surgery
S/S of mucositis - ANS-Painful ulcerations along mouth and esophagus
Difficulty eating or swallowing
GI bleeding
Intestinal infections
Severe diarrhea
Which chemo is known to be cardiotoxic - ANS-doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Adriana dox-ian has heart issues
Which chemo cause pnuemoitis - ANS-bleomycin (Blenoxane)
"B" turns you blue
Which chemo is known to cause kidney failure - ANS-cisplatin (Platinol)
You need to C them P
Another name for antineoplastics - ANS-alkylating agents
How long should you wait to get pregnant after chemo - ANS-3-6 months
Rapid care for chemo extravasation - ANS-Stop infusion
Elevate limb
Some antineoplastics have specific antidote
Apply hot or cold. Follow instructions from pharmacist (aspiration, etc)
Effects of extravasated chemo - ANS-Fatigue, neurotoxicity, alopecia, cachexia (tissue
wasting), and secondary cancer due to immunosuppression
Education for cancer patients - ANS-Avoid antipyretics (they may mask a fever) without direct
PCP approval (e.g. Tylenol)
