Full CIPP-E Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Verified Answers Latest Update 2025
Anti-discrimination Laws --- correct answer ---*indications of special
classes* of personal *data*. If there exists law protecting against
discrimination based on a class or status, it is likely personal information
relating to that class or status is *subject to more stringent* data protection
regulation, under the GDPR or otherwise.
Appropriate Safeguards --- correct answer ---The GDPR refers to these in a
number of contexts, *including* the *transfer* of personal data *to third
countries* outside the European Union, the processing of *special
categories* of data, *and* the processing of personal data in a *law
enforcement* context. This generally refers to the application of the general
data protection principles, in particular purpose limitation, data
minimisation, limited storage periods, data quality, data protection by
design and by default, legal basis for processing, processing of special
,categories of personal data, measures to ensure data security, and the
requirements in respect of onward transfers to bodies not bound by the
binding corporate rules. This *may* also *refer to* the use of *encryption
or pseudonymization*, *standard* data protection *clause*s adopted by the
Commission, contractual clauses authorized by a supervisory authority, or
*certification schemes* or *codes of conduct* authorized by the Commission
or a supervisory authority. Should ensure compliance with data protection
requirements and the rights of the data subjects appropriate to processing
within the European Union.
Appropriate Technical and Organizational Measures --- correct answer ---
The GDPR requires a *risk-based approach* to data protection, whereby
organizations *take into account* the *nature*, *scope*, *context and
purposes* of processing, as well as the risks of varying *likelihood* and
*severity to* the *rights and freedoms* of natural persons, and institute
policies, controls and certain technologies to mitigate those risks. These
might help meet the obligation to keep personal data secure, including
,technical safeguards against accidents and negligence or deliberate and
malevolent actions, or involve the implementation of data protection
policies. These measures should be demonstrable on demand to data
protection authorities and reviewed regularly.
Article 29 Working Party --- correct answer ---Was a European Union
organization that functioned as an *independent advisory body* on data
protection and privacy and consisted of the collected data protection
authorities of the member states. It was *replaced by* the similarly
constituted European Data Protection Board (*EDPB*) on May 25, 2018,
*when* the *GDPR went into effect*.
Authentication --- correct answer ---The process by which an entity (such as
a person or computer system) determines whether another entity is who it
claims to be. *is required* by the GDPR *when* the data subject is
*exercising certain rights*, such as the rights to *deletion or rectification*,
and might include supplying log-in details or biometric information.
, However, the data controller should not be obliged to acquire additional
information in order to identify the data subject for the sole purpose of
complying with any provision of the Regulation.
Automated Processing --- correct answer ---A processing operation that is
performed without any human intervention. "Profiling" is defined in the
GDPR, for example, as the automated processing of personal data to
evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular
to *analyse or predict aspects concerning that natural person's performance
at work, economic situation, health, personal preferences, interests,
reliability, behaviour, location or movements*. Data subjects, under the
GDPR, have a *right to object* to such processing.
Availability --- correct answer ---Data is this if it is *accessible when
needed* by the organization or data subject. The GDPR requires that *a
business* be able to ensure this of personal data and have the ability to
Correct Verified Answers Latest Update 2025
Anti-discrimination Laws --- correct answer ---*indications of special
classes* of personal *data*. If there exists law protecting against
discrimination based on a class or status, it is likely personal information
relating to that class or status is *subject to more stringent* data protection
regulation, under the GDPR or otherwise.
Appropriate Safeguards --- correct answer ---The GDPR refers to these in a
number of contexts, *including* the *transfer* of personal data *to third
countries* outside the European Union, the processing of *special
categories* of data, *and* the processing of personal data in a *law
enforcement* context. This generally refers to the application of the general
data protection principles, in particular purpose limitation, data
minimisation, limited storage periods, data quality, data protection by
design and by default, legal basis for processing, processing of special
,categories of personal data, measures to ensure data security, and the
requirements in respect of onward transfers to bodies not bound by the
binding corporate rules. This *may* also *refer to* the use of *encryption
or pseudonymization*, *standard* data protection *clause*s adopted by the
Commission, contractual clauses authorized by a supervisory authority, or
*certification schemes* or *codes of conduct* authorized by the Commission
or a supervisory authority. Should ensure compliance with data protection
requirements and the rights of the data subjects appropriate to processing
within the European Union.
Appropriate Technical and Organizational Measures --- correct answer ---
The GDPR requires a *risk-based approach* to data protection, whereby
organizations *take into account* the *nature*, *scope*, *context and
purposes* of processing, as well as the risks of varying *likelihood* and
*severity to* the *rights and freedoms* of natural persons, and institute
policies, controls and certain technologies to mitigate those risks. These
might help meet the obligation to keep personal data secure, including
,technical safeguards against accidents and negligence or deliberate and
malevolent actions, or involve the implementation of data protection
policies. These measures should be demonstrable on demand to data
protection authorities and reviewed regularly.
Article 29 Working Party --- correct answer ---Was a European Union
organization that functioned as an *independent advisory body* on data
protection and privacy and consisted of the collected data protection
authorities of the member states. It was *replaced by* the similarly
constituted European Data Protection Board (*EDPB*) on May 25, 2018,
*when* the *GDPR went into effect*.
Authentication --- correct answer ---The process by which an entity (such as
a person or computer system) determines whether another entity is who it
claims to be. *is required* by the GDPR *when* the data subject is
*exercising certain rights*, such as the rights to *deletion or rectification*,
and might include supplying log-in details or biometric information.
, However, the data controller should not be obliged to acquire additional
information in order to identify the data subject for the sole purpose of
complying with any provision of the Regulation.
Automated Processing --- correct answer ---A processing operation that is
performed without any human intervention. "Profiling" is defined in the
GDPR, for example, as the automated processing of personal data to
evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular
to *analyse or predict aspects concerning that natural person's performance
at work, economic situation, health, personal preferences, interests,
reliability, behaviour, location or movements*. Data subjects, under the
GDPR, have a *right to object* to such processing.
Availability --- correct answer ---Data is this if it is *accessible when
needed* by the organization or data subject. The GDPR requires that *a
business* be able to ensure this of personal data and have the ability to
