IPC SUMMARY
Hargie + Lecture slides
DGV
| Year 2024/2025
,Index
Hargie Chapter one........................................................................................1
Hargie chapter two........................................................................................5
Lectures 1 & 2................................................................................................ 9
Hargie chapter three....................................................................................12
Hargie chapter ten.......................................................................................15
Lecture 3..................................................................................................... 21
Lecture 4..................................................................................................... 23
Lecture 5..................................................................................................... 29
Lecture 6..................................................................................................... 34
Hargie chapter five.......................................................................................38
Hargie chapter six........................................................................................40
Lecture 7..................................................................................................... 43
Lecture 8 + Hargie seven/eight.....................................................................45
Lecture 9..................................................................................................... 54
Lecture 10................................................................................................... 65
Lecture 11................................................................................................... 76
Lecture 12................................................................................................... 90
Hargie Chapter one
People want interactions, according to Afifi and Geurrero.
,Sociation is the need to start relationships. The presence of another person gives us a drive
and motivation. This has an effect on how we behave when we are alone → off-stage the
way we act when we are surrounded by others is called → on-stage.
Humans have the need to communicate:
Competence need (the skill to do something effectively and efficiently): to be
confident and affective in carrying out actions to achieve goals.
Affiliation need: to have close bonds and positive relationships with important
people.
Anomie need: to have control over one’s own destiny instead of being driven by
others.
Besides being the tool to fulfill human needs, we also use it as a tool to shape our identity
and to learn new things.
Social skills deficit hypothesis: People who lack social skills are more prone to depression
because they are unable to promote positive interpersonal experiences and also cannot
avoid negative social experiences. Additionally, it has been found that the social skills of a
partner in a relationship are important for the well-being of the other person.
The importance of interpersonal communication
Interpersonal communication processes help with maintaining:
Mutual understanding, agreement vs disagreement, interpersonal relationships,
achieving goals.
People with good IP skills have:
less stress, higher confidence.
more satisfaction in intimate relationships.
more friends, less depression/lonelyness/fear.
Intervention and advice
Communication within companies
Communication between companies and customers (e.g., webcare)
Healthcare: for example, doctor-patient communication, e-health. Otherwise, people
might not take their medication.
Communication in science
Bull (2002): "Communication is crucial for many aspects of human life, but it is only in recent
years that it has become the focus of scientific research." Segrin (1992) pointed out that the
concept of social skill has been studied by researchers in nearly all areas of the social
sciences. This was done at three levels:
, 1. Theoretical analyses of how and why people behave as they do have led to different
conceptualizations of competent behavior (see Hargie, 2006).
2. Research has looked at identifying and understanding the effects of different types of
social behavior. This is the focus of the current book.
3. Different methods for communication skills training have been introduced to see if
it's possible to improve a person's social performance (see Hargie, 2006).
What is interpersonal communication?
IPC = A complex, situated social process in which people who have created a communication
message exchange messages in an attempt to generate shared meanings and achieve social
goals.
According to Hamilton (2014): the process by which people share ideas, thoughts, and
feelings in understandable ways. Two central themes:
Intersubjectivity: the effort to understand others and, in turn, be understood.
Impact: the extent to which a message brings about change in thoughts, feelings, or
behavior.
Communication is a process →
1. Communicator: The person who is sending the message.
2. Message: This is the idea, thoughts, or reaction to a situation that is being
communicated.
3. Medium: The way the message is delivered.
Presentational: Body, face, voice (how you express yourself in person).
Representational: Books, photos, and buildings (things that carry a message).
technological/mechanical: Internet, phone, television, radio (using technology to
communicate).
social presence = the awareness of another, this is stronger with FTF communication
than digital.
Media richness: How much information a medium can share.
4. Channel: the bridge between sender and receiver.
Vocal-auditory: speech
Gestural-visual: Gestures and body language (non-verbal)
Chemical-olfactory: scent
Cutaneous-tactile: touch
5. Code: meaning of the message
6. Noise: Any interference that makes it hard to understand the message.
7. Feedback: The response the receiver gives, showing if the message was understood.
8. Context: The situation helps us understand each other's intentions and messages.
Factors like environment, time, and relationships all influence communication.
Context includes:
Hargie + Lecture slides
DGV
| Year 2024/2025
,Index
Hargie Chapter one........................................................................................1
Hargie chapter two........................................................................................5
Lectures 1 & 2................................................................................................ 9
Hargie chapter three....................................................................................12
Hargie chapter ten.......................................................................................15
Lecture 3..................................................................................................... 21
Lecture 4..................................................................................................... 23
Lecture 5..................................................................................................... 29
Lecture 6..................................................................................................... 34
Hargie chapter five.......................................................................................38
Hargie chapter six........................................................................................40
Lecture 7..................................................................................................... 43
Lecture 8 + Hargie seven/eight.....................................................................45
Lecture 9..................................................................................................... 54
Lecture 10................................................................................................... 65
Lecture 11................................................................................................... 76
Lecture 12................................................................................................... 90
Hargie Chapter one
People want interactions, according to Afifi and Geurrero.
,Sociation is the need to start relationships. The presence of another person gives us a drive
and motivation. This has an effect on how we behave when we are alone → off-stage the
way we act when we are surrounded by others is called → on-stage.
Humans have the need to communicate:
Competence need (the skill to do something effectively and efficiently): to be
confident and affective in carrying out actions to achieve goals.
Affiliation need: to have close bonds and positive relationships with important
people.
Anomie need: to have control over one’s own destiny instead of being driven by
others.
Besides being the tool to fulfill human needs, we also use it as a tool to shape our identity
and to learn new things.
Social skills deficit hypothesis: People who lack social skills are more prone to depression
because they are unable to promote positive interpersonal experiences and also cannot
avoid negative social experiences. Additionally, it has been found that the social skills of a
partner in a relationship are important for the well-being of the other person.
The importance of interpersonal communication
Interpersonal communication processes help with maintaining:
Mutual understanding, agreement vs disagreement, interpersonal relationships,
achieving goals.
People with good IP skills have:
less stress, higher confidence.
more satisfaction in intimate relationships.
more friends, less depression/lonelyness/fear.
Intervention and advice
Communication within companies
Communication between companies and customers (e.g., webcare)
Healthcare: for example, doctor-patient communication, e-health. Otherwise, people
might not take their medication.
Communication in science
Bull (2002): "Communication is crucial for many aspects of human life, but it is only in recent
years that it has become the focus of scientific research." Segrin (1992) pointed out that the
concept of social skill has been studied by researchers in nearly all areas of the social
sciences. This was done at three levels:
, 1. Theoretical analyses of how and why people behave as they do have led to different
conceptualizations of competent behavior (see Hargie, 2006).
2. Research has looked at identifying and understanding the effects of different types of
social behavior. This is the focus of the current book.
3. Different methods for communication skills training have been introduced to see if
it's possible to improve a person's social performance (see Hargie, 2006).
What is interpersonal communication?
IPC = A complex, situated social process in which people who have created a communication
message exchange messages in an attempt to generate shared meanings and achieve social
goals.
According to Hamilton (2014): the process by which people share ideas, thoughts, and
feelings in understandable ways. Two central themes:
Intersubjectivity: the effort to understand others and, in turn, be understood.
Impact: the extent to which a message brings about change in thoughts, feelings, or
behavior.
Communication is a process →
1. Communicator: The person who is sending the message.
2. Message: This is the idea, thoughts, or reaction to a situation that is being
communicated.
3. Medium: The way the message is delivered.
Presentational: Body, face, voice (how you express yourself in person).
Representational: Books, photos, and buildings (things that carry a message).
technological/mechanical: Internet, phone, television, radio (using technology to
communicate).
social presence = the awareness of another, this is stronger with FTF communication
than digital.
Media richness: How much information a medium can share.
4. Channel: the bridge between sender and receiver.
Vocal-auditory: speech
Gestural-visual: Gestures and body language (non-verbal)
Chemical-olfactory: scent
Cutaneous-tactile: touch
5. Code: meaning of the message
6. Noise: Any interference that makes it hard to understand the message.
7. Feedback: The response the receiver gives, showing if the message was understood.
8. Context: The situation helps us understand each other's intentions and messages.
Factors like environment, time, and relationships all influence communication.
Context includes:
