SystemsAnalysisa
n n
ndDesign
n
ELEVENTH EDITION
n
TILLEY | ROSENBLATT
n
n
, n
SystemsnAnalysisnandnDesign,nEleventhnEditi ©n2017nCengage nLearning
on
ScottnTilley nan dn Har rynR os enblatt ALL nRIGHTSnRESERVED.nNonpartnofnthis nwork ncoverednbynthencopyrightnhereinnm
aynbe nreproducednorndistributedninnanynformnornbynanynmeans,nexceptnasnpe rmi
SVP,nGMnSkillsn&nGlobalnProductnManagement: tte d n byn U.S.n co pyrigh tn la w ,n w ith o u tn th e n prio rn w ritte n n pe rmiss io n n o fn th e n copyrig
nDawn nGerrain htnowner.
ProductnDirector:nKathleennMcMahonnProdu
ctnTeamnManager:nKristin nMcNary Fornproductninf ormation nand ntechn ologynassistan ce,nc on tactnu snat
Cengage nLearningnCustomern&nSalesnSupport, n1-800-354-9706
SeniornDirector,nDevelopment:nMarahnBellega
Fornpermission ntonusenmaterialnfromnthisntextnornproduct,nsub
rde
mitnallnrequestsnonlinenatnwww.cengage.com/permissions.
SeniornContentnDeveloper:nKate nMasonnDe v Furthernpermission snqu estion sn can nb en e- mailed nto
e lo pme n taln Edito r: n De bo rah n Kau fman n n Produc
tnAssistant:nAbigailnPufpaff
Se n io rn Pro du ctio n n D ire cto r: n We n dy n Tro e ge rn Pr Libraryn o fn Co n gre ss n Co n tro ln Nu mbe r:n 2 015 958 228 n ISB
oduction nDirector:nPattynStephan N:n978-1-305-49460-2
Se n io rn Co n te n tn Pro je ctn Man age r:n Sta ce y n Lamo
di CengagenLearning
De sign e r:n Dian a n Grah am 20nChannelnCenternStreetnBosto
Co ve rn Te mplate n De s ign e r:n L is a n Ku h n ,n Cu rio n Pr n,nMA n02210
ess,nLLC USA
Co ve rn image (s):n ro bu art/ Sh u tte rs to ck .co m
Ce n gage n Le arn in g n is n a n le adin g n pro vide rn o fn cu s to mize d n le a rn in g n so lu tio n s n wi
th nemployeesnresiding nin nnearlyn40ndifferentncountries nand nsales nin
mo re n th an n 125 n co u n trie s n a ro u n d n th e n wo rld.n F in d n yo u rn lo ca ln re pre se n ta tive n a t
www.cengage.com
Ce n gage n Le arn in g n pro du cts n are n re pre se n te d n in n Can ada n byn Ne lso n n Edu ca tio n ,n Ltd.
To n le arn n mo re n abo u tn Ce n gage n Le a rn in g ,n vis itn www.cengag e.c om
Pu rch ase n an yn o fn o u rn pro du cts n a tn yo u rn lo ca ln co lle ge n sto re n o rn a tn o u rn p re fe rre d n onli
ne nstore nwww.cengagebrain.com
Printed nin n then United n Statesn of nAmerica n Pri
ntn Number: n 01 n Print n Year: n 2016
, iii
BRIEF CONTENTS
n
PHASEn 1: nSYSTEMS n PLANNING 001
Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
n n n n n n 002
Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case
n n n n 040
Chapter 3 Managing Systems Projects
n n n 070
PHASE n 2:n SYSTEMSn ANALYSIS 101
Chapter 4 Requirements Modeling
n n 102
Chapter 5 Data and Process Modeling
n n n n 142
Chapter 6 Object Modeling
n n 178
Chapter 7 Development Strategies
n n 200
PHASEn 3:n SYSTEMSn DESIGN 233
Chapter 8 User Interface Design
n n n 234
Chapter 9 Data Design
n n 274
Chapter 10 System Architecture
n n n 322
PHASEn 4:n SYSTEMSn IMPLEMENTATION 359
Chapter 11 Managing Systems Implementation
n n n n 360
PHASEn 5:nSYSTEMS n SUPPORT nAND n SECURITY 409
Chapter 12 Managing Systems Support and Security
n n n n n n 410
THE n SYS TEMSn ANA LYST’S nTOO LKIT 463
Toolkit Part A Communication Tools
n n n n 464
Toolkit Part B CASE Tools
n n n n 484
Toolkit Part C Financial Analysis Tools
n n n n n 498
Toolkit Part D Internet Resource Tools
n n n n n 514
Glossary 539
Index 559
, iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS n n
PHASE 1: SYSTEM S PLANNING
n n n
1.10.5 Network nAdministration
1.10.6 WebnSupport
25
26
1.10.7 Quality nAssurancen(QA) 26
Chapter 1 n CaseninnPointn1.3:n WhatnShouldnLisanDo? 26
1.11 Then SystemsnAnalyst 26
Introduction to Systems Analysis and
n n n n 1.11.1 Role 26
1.11.2 Knowledge,nSkills,nand n Education 27
nDesign 1.11.3 Certification 28
1.11.4 CareernOpportunities 29
LearningnObjectives 2 CaseninnPointn1.4:n Just-in-TimenAirfreight,nInc. 31
1.1 Introduction 3 1.12 TrendsninnInformationnTechnology 31
1.2 Whatn Isn InformationnTechnology? 3
A n Questionn ofn Ethics 32
1.2.1 Th en Ch an g in g n Naturen o fn Information nTechnology 3
1.2.2 Systems nAn alysis nand nDesign 4 1.13 Chaptern Summary 32
1.2.3 Wh atn Do es nanSystems nAnalystnDo? 4 KeynTerms 34
CaseninnPointn1.1:n CloudnNinenFinancial nAdvisors 5 Chaptern Exercises 39
1.3 Informationn Systemn Components 5
1.3.1 Hardware 6
1.3.2
1.3.3
Software
Data
6
7
Chapter 2 n
1.3.4 Pro cesses 7
1.3.5 People 7 Analyzing the Business Case
n n n
1.4 BusinessnToday 8
1.4.1 ThenInternetnModel 8 LearningnObjectives 40
1.4.2 B2Cn (Busin ess-to -Consumer) 9 2.1 Introduction 41
1.4.3 B2Bn (Busin ess-to -Business) 9
2.2 A n Framework n forn ITn Systemsn Development 41
1.5 ModelingnBusinessnOperations 10 2.2.1 Strategic nPlanning nOverview 41
1.5.1 Busin ess n Pro files 10 2.2.2 WhatnIs nSWOTnAnalysis? 42
1.5.2 Busin ess n Pro cesses 10 2.2.3 Strategic n Planning n forn IT n Projects 43
1.6 BusinessnInformationnSystems 10 CaseninnPointn2.1:n LonCarbnMeals 43
1.6.1 En terp risenComputing 11 2.2.4 ThenChanging nRoleno fnthenIT nDepartment 44
1.6.2 Tran sactio n n Processing 11 CaseninnPointn2.2:n AttawaynAirlines,nPartnOne 45
1.6.3 Busin ess n Sup p o rt 12
1.6.4 Kn o wled g enManagement 13 2.3 Whatn Isn an Businessn Case? 45
1.6.5 User nProductivity 13 2.4 Informationn Systemsn Projects 45
1.6.6 Systems nIntegration 13 2.4.1 Main nReasons nfo rnSystems nProjects 45
1.7 WhatnInformationnDon UsersnNeed? 14 CaseninnPointn2.3:n TrentnCollege 47
1.7.1 TopnManagers 14 2.4.2 Factors nThatnA ffec tn Systems n Projects 47
1.7.2 Mid d lenMan ag ers nand nKnowledgenWorkers 15 2.4.3 Internal nFactors 47
1.7.3 Sup erviso rs n an d n Teamn Leaders 15 2.4.4 ExternalnFactors 49
1.7.4 Operational nEmployees 15
2.5 EvaluationnofnSystemsnRequirements 51
1.8 Systemsn Development nTools 15 2.5.1 Systems nRequestnForms 51
1.8.1 Modeling 16 2.5.2 Systems nReviewnCommittee 51
1.8.2 Prototyping 16
2.6 OverviewnofnFeasibility 52
1.8.3 Co mp uter-Aid ed nSystems nEngineering
2.6.1 Operational nFeasibility 53
(CASE)nTools 17
2.6.2 Economic nFeasibility 53
1.9 Systemsn Development n Methods 17 2.6.3 TechnicalnFeasibility 54
1.9.1 Structured nAnalysis 18 2.6.4 SchedulenFeasibility 55
1.9.2 Object-Oriented n Analysis 21
2.7 EvaluatingnFeasibility 55
1.9.3 Ag ilenMethods 22
1.9.4 Other nDevelopmentnMethods 23 2.8 SettingnPriorities 56
1.10 Then InformationnTechnology 2.8.1 Factors nThatn A ffectn Priority 56
2.8.2 Discretionary nandnNondiscretionaryn Projects 56
Department 24
1.10 .1 Ap p licatio n n Development 24 CaseninnPointn2.4:n AttawaynAirlines,
CaseninnPointn1.2:n Global nHotelsnand PartnTwo 57
Momma’snMotels 25 2.9 PreliminarynInvestigationnOverview 57
1.10 .2 Systems n Sup p o rtn and n Security 25 2.9.1 Interaction nwith nManagers,nUsers ,nand
1.10 .3 User nSupport 25 Other nStakeholders 57
1.10 .4 DatabasenAdministration 25 2.9.2 Planning n then Preliminary n Investigation 58
n n
ndDesign
n
ELEVENTH EDITION
n
TILLEY | ROSENBLATT
n
n
, n
SystemsnAnalysisnandnDesign,nEleventhnEditi ©n2017nCengage nLearning
on
ScottnTilley nan dn Har rynR os enblatt ALL nRIGHTSnRESERVED.nNonpartnofnthis nwork ncoverednbynthencopyrightnhereinnm
aynbe nreproducednorndistributedninnanynformnornbynanynmeans,nexceptnasnpe rmi
SVP,nGMnSkillsn&nGlobalnProductnManagement: tte d n byn U.S.n co pyrigh tn la w ,n w ith o u tn th e n prio rn w ritte n n pe rmiss io n n o fn th e n copyrig
nDawn nGerrain htnowner.
ProductnDirector:nKathleennMcMahonnProdu
ctnTeamnManager:nKristin nMcNary Fornproductninf ormation nand ntechn ologynassistan ce,nc on tactnu snat
Cengage nLearningnCustomern&nSalesnSupport, n1-800-354-9706
SeniornDirector,nDevelopment:nMarahnBellega
Fornpermission ntonusenmaterialnfromnthisntextnornproduct,nsub
rde
mitnallnrequestsnonlinenatnwww.cengage.com/permissions.
SeniornContentnDeveloper:nKate nMasonnDe v Furthernpermission snqu estion sn can nb en e- mailed nto
e lo pme n taln Edito r: n De bo rah n Kau fman n n Produc
tnAssistant:nAbigailnPufpaff
Se n io rn Pro du ctio n n D ire cto r: n We n dy n Tro e ge rn Pr Libraryn o fn Co n gre ss n Co n tro ln Nu mbe r:n 2 015 958 228 n ISB
oduction nDirector:nPattynStephan N:n978-1-305-49460-2
Se n io rn Co n te n tn Pro je ctn Man age r:n Sta ce y n Lamo
di CengagenLearning
De sign e r:n Dian a n Grah am 20nChannelnCenternStreetnBosto
Co ve rn Te mplate n De s ign e r:n L is a n Ku h n ,n Cu rio n Pr n,nMA n02210
ess,nLLC USA
Co ve rn image (s):n ro bu art/ Sh u tte rs to ck .co m
Ce n gage n Le arn in g n is n a n le adin g n pro vide rn o fn cu s to mize d n le a rn in g n so lu tio n s n wi
th nemployeesnresiding nin nnearlyn40ndifferentncountries nand nsales nin
mo re n th an n 125 n co u n trie s n a ro u n d n th e n wo rld.n F in d n yo u rn lo ca ln re pre se n ta tive n a t
www.cengage.com
Ce n gage n Le arn in g n pro du cts n are n re pre se n te d n in n Can ada n byn Ne lso n n Edu ca tio n ,n Ltd.
To n le arn n mo re n abo u tn Ce n gage n Le a rn in g ,n vis itn www.cengag e.c om
Pu rch ase n an yn o fn o u rn pro du cts n a tn yo u rn lo ca ln co lle ge n sto re n o rn a tn o u rn p re fe rre d n onli
ne nstore nwww.cengagebrain.com
Printed nin n then United n Statesn of nAmerica n Pri
ntn Number: n 01 n Print n Year: n 2016
, iii
BRIEF CONTENTS
n
PHASEn 1: nSYSTEMS n PLANNING 001
Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
n n n n n n 002
Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case
n n n n 040
Chapter 3 Managing Systems Projects
n n n 070
PHASE n 2:n SYSTEMSn ANALYSIS 101
Chapter 4 Requirements Modeling
n n 102
Chapter 5 Data and Process Modeling
n n n n 142
Chapter 6 Object Modeling
n n 178
Chapter 7 Development Strategies
n n 200
PHASEn 3:n SYSTEMSn DESIGN 233
Chapter 8 User Interface Design
n n n 234
Chapter 9 Data Design
n n 274
Chapter 10 System Architecture
n n n 322
PHASEn 4:n SYSTEMSn IMPLEMENTATION 359
Chapter 11 Managing Systems Implementation
n n n n 360
PHASEn 5:nSYSTEMS n SUPPORT nAND n SECURITY 409
Chapter 12 Managing Systems Support and Security
n n n n n n 410
THE n SYS TEMSn ANA LYST’S nTOO LKIT 463
Toolkit Part A Communication Tools
n n n n 464
Toolkit Part B CASE Tools
n n n n 484
Toolkit Part C Financial Analysis Tools
n n n n n 498
Toolkit Part D Internet Resource Tools
n n n n n 514
Glossary 539
Index 559
, iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS n n
PHASE 1: SYSTEM S PLANNING
n n n
1.10.5 Network nAdministration
1.10.6 WebnSupport
25
26
1.10.7 Quality nAssurancen(QA) 26
Chapter 1 n CaseninnPointn1.3:n WhatnShouldnLisanDo? 26
1.11 Then SystemsnAnalyst 26
Introduction to Systems Analysis and
n n n n 1.11.1 Role 26
1.11.2 Knowledge,nSkills,nand n Education 27
nDesign 1.11.3 Certification 28
1.11.4 CareernOpportunities 29
LearningnObjectives 2 CaseninnPointn1.4:n Just-in-TimenAirfreight,nInc. 31
1.1 Introduction 3 1.12 TrendsninnInformationnTechnology 31
1.2 Whatn Isn InformationnTechnology? 3
A n Questionn ofn Ethics 32
1.2.1 Th en Ch an g in g n Naturen o fn Information nTechnology 3
1.2.2 Systems nAn alysis nand nDesign 4 1.13 Chaptern Summary 32
1.2.3 Wh atn Do es nanSystems nAnalystnDo? 4 KeynTerms 34
CaseninnPointn1.1:n CloudnNinenFinancial nAdvisors 5 Chaptern Exercises 39
1.3 Informationn Systemn Components 5
1.3.1 Hardware 6
1.3.2
1.3.3
Software
Data
6
7
Chapter 2 n
1.3.4 Pro cesses 7
1.3.5 People 7 Analyzing the Business Case
n n n
1.4 BusinessnToday 8
1.4.1 ThenInternetnModel 8 LearningnObjectives 40
1.4.2 B2Cn (Busin ess-to -Consumer) 9 2.1 Introduction 41
1.4.3 B2Bn (Busin ess-to -Business) 9
2.2 A n Framework n forn ITn Systemsn Development 41
1.5 ModelingnBusinessnOperations 10 2.2.1 Strategic nPlanning nOverview 41
1.5.1 Busin ess n Pro files 10 2.2.2 WhatnIs nSWOTnAnalysis? 42
1.5.2 Busin ess n Pro cesses 10 2.2.3 Strategic n Planning n forn IT n Projects 43
1.6 BusinessnInformationnSystems 10 CaseninnPointn2.1:n LonCarbnMeals 43
1.6.1 En terp risenComputing 11 2.2.4 ThenChanging nRoleno fnthenIT nDepartment 44
1.6.2 Tran sactio n n Processing 11 CaseninnPointn2.2:n AttawaynAirlines,nPartnOne 45
1.6.3 Busin ess n Sup p o rt 12
1.6.4 Kn o wled g enManagement 13 2.3 Whatn Isn an Businessn Case? 45
1.6.5 User nProductivity 13 2.4 Informationn Systemsn Projects 45
1.6.6 Systems nIntegration 13 2.4.1 Main nReasons nfo rnSystems nProjects 45
1.7 WhatnInformationnDon UsersnNeed? 14 CaseninnPointn2.3:n TrentnCollege 47
1.7.1 TopnManagers 14 2.4.2 Factors nThatnA ffec tn Systems n Projects 47
1.7.2 Mid d lenMan ag ers nand nKnowledgenWorkers 15 2.4.3 Internal nFactors 47
1.7.3 Sup erviso rs n an d n Teamn Leaders 15 2.4.4 ExternalnFactors 49
1.7.4 Operational nEmployees 15
2.5 EvaluationnofnSystemsnRequirements 51
1.8 Systemsn Development nTools 15 2.5.1 Systems nRequestnForms 51
1.8.1 Modeling 16 2.5.2 Systems nReviewnCommittee 51
1.8.2 Prototyping 16
2.6 OverviewnofnFeasibility 52
1.8.3 Co mp uter-Aid ed nSystems nEngineering
2.6.1 Operational nFeasibility 53
(CASE)nTools 17
2.6.2 Economic nFeasibility 53
1.9 Systemsn Development n Methods 17 2.6.3 TechnicalnFeasibility 54
1.9.1 Structured nAnalysis 18 2.6.4 SchedulenFeasibility 55
1.9.2 Object-Oriented n Analysis 21
2.7 EvaluatingnFeasibility 55
1.9.3 Ag ilenMethods 22
1.9.4 Other nDevelopmentnMethods 23 2.8 SettingnPriorities 56
1.10 Then InformationnTechnology 2.8.1 Factors nThatn A ffectn Priority 56
2.8.2 Discretionary nandnNondiscretionaryn Projects 56
Department 24
1.10 .1 Ap p licatio n n Development 24 CaseninnPointn2.4:n AttawaynAirlines,
CaseninnPointn1.2:n Global nHotelsnand PartnTwo 57
Momma’snMotels 25 2.9 PreliminarynInvestigationnOverview 57
1.10 .2 Systems n Sup p o rtn and n Security 25 2.9.1 Interaction nwith nManagers,nUsers ,nand
1.10 .3 User nSupport 25 Other nStakeholders 57
1.10 .4 DatabasenAdministration 25 2.9.2 Planning n then Preliminary n Investigation 58
