BNNS502 (Nursing science 2 Exam 2)
State the five ways the endocrine system maintains homeostasis - ANS-1. Regulating
metabolism
2. Regulating reproduction
3. Regulating circadian rhythm
4. Regulating growth and development
5.Regulating and altering activity on cardiac, smooth muscles and glands
Difference in receptor location for both water soluble hormones and lipid soluble hormones -
ANS-Water-soluble hormones circulate freely in the blood and they bind to receptors of the cell
membrane
Lipid-soluble hormones bind to receptors within the target cell
What can't water soluble hormones be administered via the oral route? - ANS-Water soluble
hormones are destroyed by digestion
Difference between endocrine and exocrine glands - ANS-Endocrine-secrete hormones
directory into the blood/circulatory sys through Interstitial fluid
Exocrine-secrete hormones into ducts
Examples of exocrine glands - ANS-mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands
Examples of endocrine glands - ANS-pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands
Name an organ that has both endocrine and exocrine functions - ANS-Pancreas
Explain how hormones are inactivated and excreted from the body - ANS-Most hormones are
inactivated by the liver and excreted by the kidneys or the feces.
Describe the stimuli that trigger hormone secretion - ANS-1. Signals from the nervous system
2. The levels of a chemical in the blood
3. Another hormone
Describe the structure and location of the pituitary gland - ANS-Structure: consists of a larger
anterior lobe and a smaller posterior lobe
Location: lies in the hollow of the sphenoid lobe
State the hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland - ANS-1. Growth hormone (GH)
2. Thyroid hormone (TSH)
,3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
4. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
5. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
6. Prolactin
State the two hormones released from the posterior pituitary - ANS-1. Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)
2. Oxytocin
Growth hormone (GH): Stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
Releasing hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release GH
Target cells:
Bone and skeletal muscle
Function:
Stimulates all body cells to enlarge and divide.
Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
TSH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine.
Target cells:
Nervous and skeletal system
Function:
1. Increase basal metabolic rate
2. accelerate body growth
3. enhance the effects of catecholamines
Adrendocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
Stress, pain injury to the hypothalamus to corticotropin-releasing hormone to the anterior
pituitary to the release of ATCH
Target cells:
bloodstream/all throughout the body
Function: Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
GHRH
Target cells:
Ovaries and testicles
Function:
1. initiates development of oocytes (eggs) in the ovarian follicles
2. stimulates the production of estrogen
3. stimulates the testes to produce sperm
Luteinizing hormone (LH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
, GnRH
Target cells:
Ovaries and testicles
Function:
1. Stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone in the ovaries
2. stimulates the testes to produce testosterone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
Neurosecretory cells
Target cells:
Kidney
Function:
causes decreased blood volume
causes increased urine output
Oxytocin: stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus
Target cells:
Breast ducts
Function:
1. Stimulates release of milk from the duct of the breasts
2. Stimulates contraction of the uterus during labour and breastfeeding
Describe three clinical situations that arise from the alteration to secretion of growth hormone
(GH) - ANS-1. Hypersecretion in childhood:
results in giantism
2. Hypersecretion in adulthood:
results in acromegaly
3. Hyposecretion in childhood:
results in dwarfism
Name two clinical conditions associated with alteration in the secretion of thyroxine - ANS-1.
Hypothyroidism
2. Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism - ANS-. Causes a decreased level of thyroxine and slow heart rate , lo body
temp, weight gain, etc.
(more common in females)
Hyperthryroidism (Grave's Disease) - ANS--Overactivity of the thyroid gland results in an
increased level of thyroxine and an increased metabolic rate. Resulting in symptoms such as
high temps, rapid pulse, high BP increased weight loss, and increased metabolic rate.
- can result in bulging eyes
State the five ways the endocrine system maintains homeostasis - ANS-1. Regulating
metabolism
2. Regulating reproduction
3. Regulating circadian rhythm
4. Regulating growth and development
5.Regulating and altering activity on cardiac, smooth muscles and glands
Difference in receptor location for both water soluble hormones and lipid soluble hormones -
ANS-Water-soluble hormones circulate freely in the blood and they bind to receptors of the cell
membrane
Lipid-soluble hormones bind to receptors within the target cell
What can't water soluble hormones be administered via the oral route? - ANS-Water soluble
hormones are destroyed by digestion
Difference between endocrine and exocrine glands - ANS-Endocrine-secrete hormones
directory into the blood/circulatory sys through Interstitial fluid
Exocrine-secrete hormones into ducts
Examples of exocrine glands - ANS-mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands
Examples of endocrine glands - ANS-pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands
Name an organ that has both endocrine and exocrine functions - ANS-Pancreas
Explain how hormones are inactivated and excreted from the body - ANS-Most hormones are
inactivated by the liver and excreted by the kidneys or the feces.
Describe the stimuli that trigger hormone secretion - ANS-1. Signals from the nervous system
2. The levels of a chemical in the blood
3. Another hormone
Describe the structure and location of the pituitary gland - ANS-Structure: consists of a larger
anterior lobe and a smaller posterior lobe
Location: lies in the hollow of the sphenoid lobe
State the hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland - ANS-1. Growth hormone (GH)
2. Thyroid hormone (TSH)
,3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
4. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
5. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
6. Prolactin
State the two hormones released from the posterior pituitary - ANS-1. Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)
2. Oxytocin
Growth hormone (GH): Stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
Releasing hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release GH
Target cells:
Bone and skeletal muscle
Function:
Stimulates all body cells to enlarge and divide.
Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
TSH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine.
Target cells:
Nervous and skeletal system
Function:
1. Increase basal metabolic rate
2. accelerate body growth
3. enhance the effects of catecholamines
Adrendocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
Stress, pain injury to the hypothalamus to corticotropin-releasing hormone to the anterior
pituitary to the release of ATCH
Target cells:
bloodstream/all throughout the body
Function: Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
GHRH
Target cells:
Ovaries and testicles
Function:
1. initiates development of oocytes (eggs) in the ovarian follicles
2. stimulates the production of estrogen
3. stimulates the testes to produce sperm
Luteinizing hormone (LH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
, GnRH
Target cells:
Ovaries and testicles
Function:
1. Stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone in the ovaries
2. stimulates the testes to produce testosterone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
Neurosecretory cells
Target cells:
Kidney
Function:
causes decreased blood volume
causes increased urine output
Oxytocin: stimulus, target cells and function - ANS-Stimulus:
Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus
Target cells:
Breast ducts
Function:
1. Stimulates release of milk from the duct of the breasts
2. Stimulates contraction of the uterus during labour and breastfeeding
Describe three clinical situations that arise from the alteration to secretion of growth hormone
(GH) - ANS-1. Hypersecretion in childhood:
results in giantism
2. Hypersecretion in adulthood:
results in acromegaly
3. Hyposecretion in childhood:
results in dwarfism
Name two clinical conditions associated with alteration in the secretion of thyroxine - ANS-1.
Hypothyroidism
2. Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism - ANS-. Causes a decreased level of thyroxine and slow heart rate , lo body
temp, weight gain, etc.
(more common in females)
Hyperthryroidism (Grave's Disease) - ANS--Overactivity of the thyroid gland results in an
increased level of thyroxine and an increased metabolic rate. Resulting in symptoms such as
high temps, rapid pulse, high BP increased weight loss, and increased metabolic rate.
- can result in bulging eyes
