EDU 204 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

EDU 204 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Ms. Mandrake believes that teaching involves making important judgments in the classroom based on personal skills and experiences as well as the accumulated wisdom of other teachers. What part of educational psychology is Ms. Mandrake referring to? A. Educational psychology as an art B. Educational psychology as a science C. Educational psychology as an area of psychology D. None of the choices are correct Which of the following best describes the constructivist critique of American education? A. Children are required to sit still for too long periods of time. B. Children are given tasks that ask them to be passive learners. C. Children are asked to rotely memorize irrelevant as well as relevant information. D. All of the choices are correct. D. All of the choices are correct. Mr. Gonzalez spends time reading about other cultures and ethnicities. He sets high expectations for his students and works to communicate effectively with families from all backgrounds. Which of the following best describes what Mr. Gonzalez demonstrates in his classroom? A. Cultural bias B. Subject matter competence C. Classroom management skills D. Cultural competence D. Cultural competence Effective teachers tend to display all of the following traits except which one? A. They are knowledgeable about people from different cultural backgrounds. B. They guide students in thinking critically about ethnic issues. C. They encourage students to interact with other students in a variety of settings D. They discourage students from asking questions about political and social issues. Which of the following is true regarding subject-matter competence? A. Having a thoughtful, flexible, theoretical understanding of the concepts. B. Solving every problem on the spot rather than waiting until another day. C. Remembering that teaching involves social and ethical aspects as well as academic. D. Expecting complete cooperation from students when introducing new activities. As a general rule, effective teachers would least likely do which of the following actions? A. Attempt to educate students without assistance from anyone else. B. Pursue an education beyond the minimum required for the state license. C. Ask a more experienced teacher to serve as a mentor. D. Seek funds to purchase equipment for use in the classroom. Mrs. Marion sets high goals for her teaching, and she organizes her lessons to maximize her students' learning. She also reflects about how to make her students' learning more interesting and challenging. Which identified area of effective teaching is Mrs. Marion demonstrating? A. Goal-setting and planning B. Motivational skills C. Communication D. Technological skills Mr. Leroy is able to keep the class working together and oriented toward classroom tasks. He creates and maintains an environment in which learning can occur. He has an inventory of strategies for setting and maintaining rules and procedures in the class and for dealing with off-task behavior. He also monitors and paces classroom activities so that they are conducive to learning. Which identified area of effective teaching is Mr. Leroy demonstrating? A. Goal-setting and planning B. Motivational skills C. Classroom management skills D. Technological skills Ms. Yates provides her students with choices that are in line with their personal interests. She gives them an opportunity to think creatively and in depth about their projects. Which identified area of effective teaching is Ms. Yates demonstrating? A. Goal-setting and planning B. Motivational skills C. Classroom management skills D. Technological skills Mrs. Fredrick has confidence in her self-efficacy and does not let negative emotions diminish her positive attitude. In this scenario, Mrs. Fredrick is demonstrating _________, a requirement for an effective teacher. A. communication skills B. commitment and motivation C. classroom management skills D. technological skills An interrelated, coherent set of ideas used to explain and make predictions is ____________. A. a hypothesis B. scientific research C. a theory D. the scientific method What is the dependent variable? A. The factor measured in an experiment. B. The group whose experience is manipulated. C. The manipulated, influential, experimental factor. D. The comparison group. What is the independent variable? A. The factor measured in an experiment. B. The group whose experience is manipulated. C. The manipulated, influential, experimental factor. D. The comparison group. Which of the following best describes the goal of correlational research? A. To obtain an in-depth look at one individual or class B. To explain why certain conditions influence the characteristics of students C. To describe the strength of the relation between two or more characteristics D. To compare two groups of individuals under a variety of experimental conditions Which of the following best describes a limitation of interviews and questionnaires? A. Findings do not generalize. B. There is no control group. C. Individuals give socially desirable answers. D. Conclusions do not refer to the individual. If teachers want to conduct studies in their classrooms to improve their teaching methods, what type of research would they engage in? A. Teacher-researcher B. Longitudinal research C. Program evaluation research D. Action research Which of the following best describes a limitation of the case study? A. Findings from a case study do not generalize to other people. B. There is no control group. C. Trends reveal correlation rather than causation. D. Conclusions refer to the group rather than the individual. Where do naturalistic observations take place? A. In a controlled setting B. In the real world C. In laboratories D. None of the choices are correct As part of a teacher workshop, teachers are engaged in reading in-depth examinations of one student over several years. These scenarios contain very rich data about each student's life and school progress. What are these teachers reading? A. The survey result for each student B. The standardized test results of each student C. A case study D. A series of interviews Anna, a researcher, is observing and often participating in the classroom context on which she is recording information. Anna is interested in Hispanic children's conceptualization of friendships. She is looking for specific patterns that may be apparent. Anna has been taking notes and making observations on these children for a few weeks. What best describes what Anna is taking part in? A. Interviews B. Questionnaires C. Participant observation D. Case study An educational researcher is interested in identifying students' attitudes about using computers to complete writing assignments. Which of the following research methods is the researcher most likely to use? A. Case study B. Laboratory observation C. Standardized test D. Questionnaire Which of the following statements best describes a control group? A. A control group is a comparison group treated in every way like the other group except for the manipulated factor. B. A control group is a comparison group that does not participate in the experiment but fills out a questionnaire instead. C. A control group is a group of individuals randomly assigned to a variety of treatments. D. A control group is a group of individuals who design the procedures of an experiment. An educational researcher wants to determine which of two methods is most effective at teaching students how to speak a foreign language. Which of the following procedures would most effectively accomplish this task? A. Perform an experiment B. Conduct interviews C. Make naturalistic observations D. Complete a case study Constructivism emphasizes that individuals learn best when they ________. A. actively put together knowledge and understanding B. work in collaborative group setting C. learn effective strategies for encoding new information D. solve real-world problems that lack a single correct solution The assumption that highlights the idea that thinking is located in social and physical contexts refers to ________. A. situated cognition B. scaffolding C. cognitive apprenticeship D. tutoring Which of the following activities provides the greatest opportunity for children to construct knowledge by social interaction? A. Writing a poem to express a social concern B. Reading a story about a famous politician C. Drawing a picture of a friend or family member D. Brainstorming ideas for a skit Which of the following distinguishes constructivism from social constructivism? A. Only social constructivism emphasizes the social context of knowledge construction. B. Only social constructivism focuses on students' active construction of knowledge. C. While both stem from the work of Lev Vygotsky, only constructivism more generally emphasizes that knowledge is contextually embedded. D. While both stem from the work of Jean Piaget, only constructivism more generally emphasizes that knowledge is contextually embedded. Which of the following teachers best exemplifies social constructivist thinking? A. Ms. Michaels ensures that all curriculum materials are developmentally appropriate. B. Because Marco is having difficulty with the day's assignment, Mr. Renolds meets with him to discuss how his personal experiences relate into the day's lesson. C. Because the class is having difficulty comprehending the concept of a 'defense mechanism,' Mr. Oleander puts his psychology class into groups to share their personal experiences observing these mechanisms. D. Lola finishes her independent seat work and moves to the art table with the other kids to color in her map. When a teacher changes the level of support provided to a student according to the student's performance level, the teacher is engaging the student in which of the following strategies? A. Tutoring B. Scaffolding C. Cooperative learning D. Apprenticeship In general, a student is more likely to feel embarrassed when tutored by which of the following individuals? A. A student from the same class B. An older student C. Another teacher D. An adult volunteer Which of the following is the best example of scaffolding? A. Ms. Chow first models how to make a capital letter in cursive at the board, then she provides a worksheet that groups can work on that offers tracing opportunities before she asks them to write each letter on their own. B. Mr. Osaka takes students to the museum. C. Mr. Thompson ensures a full understanding on the part of his students before advancing to the next subject. D. Mrs. Donaldson ensures curriculum materials are developmentally appropriate before suggesting them to colleagues who teach children at different ages from her students. Laticia is frustrated with her teacher, Mr. Hoffman. While Laticia enjoys getting together with her friends for tutoring, she is really upset about a recent strategy Mr. Hoffman has started. What might be a valid complaint that Laticia could make about a strategy he might have utilized that is really not an effective choice? A. He has asked to see tutors so they can spend some extra time going over all the best ways to tutor peers. B. He refuses to use peer-tutoring all the time and she really learns best in this fashion. C. He pairs up students of the same age and she feels this is demeaning. D. He has begun to communicate with students' parents about the tutoring. Mr. Chandler is in a conundrum. He has gone over his cooperative learning approach meticulously and cannot find the reason behind students' lack of enthusiasm and group engagement. He has tried to incorporate materials that are appropriate as well as being infused with content matter of interest to them. He has told each student how important the lesson is for their unit exam on Friday. What is Mr. Chandler missing? A. Group rewards B. Individual accountability C. Individual rewards D. Accountability to state-mandated curricula Heterogeneous grouping refers to: A. Grouping students on the basis of ability B. Grouping students by gender C. Grouping students by ethnic background D. Grouping students with diversity in ability, gender, and ethnic background. All of the following are recommended strategies for developing students' team-building skills except which one? A. Develop team-building skills with two to six students per group, not the entire class. B. Work with students to become better listeners. C. Discuss the value of having a group leader. D. Begin the school year with a difficult cooperative task. Which of the following captures one of the values of having a group leader? A. Tells the group the best way to complete the task B. Helps to get the group on-track C. Squashes dissenting opinions so the group stays on-track D. Plays devil's advocate A key to team-building is to work with students' active listening skills. Which of the following is not a good way to go about doing this? A. Give them opportunities to take turns speaking B. Ask students to come up with examples of active listening C. Ask students to share how other students in the class have not engaged in good listening skills D. Give them opportunities to listen to different peers instead of monopolizing the conversation Mia has arrived late to class. She notices the class is working in groups, interviewing each other on their likes, dreams, and accomplishments. There is a friendly atmosphere as the groups take turns asking and answering questions. What type of group work is Mia likely to guess her class is engaged in? A. team-building B. heterogeneous grouping C. Jigsaw D. STAD Ms. Lilah's class is balking about the idea of some students being assigned as group leaders. They feel it is unfair, and that some students will be likely to get on a "power trip." What would be a valid response to help students see the importance of having group leaders? A. Have students work together to draw a group picture B. Have students engage in a discussion, each having a turn to speak while others wait their turn C. Ask students to consider possible ways in which the group leaders can offer support and promote group enthusiasm despite also being responsible for aiding in getting the group on-track. D. Give students a difficult task to take their minds off the issue of group leaders. "Fostering a Community of Learners" is a program that promotes reflection and discussion using all of the following strategies except which one? A. Traditional teacher-directed learning B. Adults serving as role models C. Children teaching other children D. On-line computer consultation Once a month, students from the local high school visit elementary schools to provide tutoring in reading and math. Which of the following terms best describes this scenario? A. Cooperative learning B. Jigsaw classroom C. Cross-age peer tutoring D. Same-age peer tutoring Which of the following is a realistic example of one of the emphases in Schools for Thought (SFL)? A. Students 'buddying-up' in peer tutoring exercises B. Having students e-mail experts in areas of academic study C. A problem-based learning exercise D. Engaging parent volunteers in student mentoring relationships Julia has just finished her last education course before graduation. She makes a quick comment in her notes to outline the elements learned today and how they might be applied to her future classroom. She wants to take advantage of teachable moments as they unexpectedly arise, assess students' interests for inclusion into academic content, and bring the class diverse resources to supplement the texts provided to students. Which of the social constructivist programs does this parallel? A. Fostering a Community of Learners B. Schools for Thought C. A Collaborative School D. Success for All Which of the following is an example of a socioemotional process that might be studied by an educational psychologist? A. The development of children's brains B. The changes in children's motor skills C. The changes in children's ability to solve math problems D. The influence of parental nurturing on children's tendency to be aggressive Tiny gaps between neurons where connections between neurons are made are: A. Density B. Myelination C. Synapses D. Lateralization C. Synapses Which brain hemisphere is responsible for speech and grammar? A. Left B. Right C. The synapses D. The lateralization According to Piaget, this occurs when a child incorporates new knowledge into existing knowledge: A. Learning to solve math problems. B. Assimilation C. Accommodation. D. Thinking logically and abstractly. According to Piaget, this occurs when a child adjusts to the new knowledge: A. Learning to solve math problems B. Assimilation C. Accommodation D. Thinking logically and abstractly Piaget's interest in schemas focused on how children do which of the following? A. Learn to solve math problems. B. Resolve conflicts with others. C. Make sense of their experiences. D. Think logically and abstractly. The sensorimotor stage, as described by Piaget, includes individuals in which of the following age groups? A. Birth to 2 years old B. 2 to 7 years old C. 7 to 11 years old D. 11 years old through adulthood According to Piaget, a child first understands the idea of "conservation of volume" when that child reaches which of the following stages? A. Sensorimotor stage B. Preoperational stage C. Concrete operational stage D. Formal operational stage Which of the following traits indicates that a child has attained an understanding of transitivity? A. The child realizes that an object exists even when the object is hidden. B. The child realizes that A is bigger than C by knowing A is bigger than B and B is bigger than C. C. The child is able to classify objects based on two or more traits at the same time. D. The child is able to arrange objects in a sequence based on a single trait. Bruce is having trouble with his division problems; he can't finish them correctly on his own. However, he can complete them if his teacher gives him some hints. According to Vygotsky, why can't Bruce complete his division problems on his own? A. Because he cannot assimilate. B. Because he cannot accommodate. C. Because he cannot scaffold. D. Because division is in his zone of proximal development. Kiley is having trouble learning the steps involved in using a microscope correctly. If we consider Vygotsky's description of how children help themselves through difficult tasks, we should suggest that Kiley: A. Practice each step separately many times over B. Go through the procedure in slow motion a few times C. Talk herself through the steps D. Learn the reasons why each step is important Ms. Garcia has just asked her students to organize the sheets of paper on their desks by their size. According to Piaget, what type of task is Ms. Garcia asking her students to complete? A. A seriation task B. An assimilation task C. An equilibration task D. A task involving animism Fifteen-year old Danielle is self-conscious, and she thinks that everyone is interested in her. She desires to be noticed and she acts as if she were on stage. According to Piaget, what is Danielle experiencing? A. Classification B. Schemas C. Transitivity D. Adolescent egocentricism Ms. Lewis gets frustrated with her first graders performance on some tasks because they are constantly focusing their attention on one characteristic and leaving out all others. According to Piaget's theory, what are Ms. Lewis's students experiencing? A. Classification B. Seriation C. Centration D. Assimilation Mr. Castillo gives an assignment to his third grade class dealing with hypothetical situations. Most of the class does not do well on this assignment. When Mr. Castillo asks them what happened, most of them reply "I did not understand it." Mr. Castillo is