,Organic
Chemistry
,Periodic Table of the Elements
m m m m
1 18
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
[1.008] 2 Key: 13 14 15 16 17 4.003
3 4 atomicmnumber 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
[6.941] 9.012 standard m atomic m weight [10.81] [12.01] [14.01] [16.00] 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na
sodium
Mg
magnesium
Al
aluminium
Si
silicon
P
phosphorus
S
sulfur
Cl
chlorine
Ar
argon
22.99 24.31
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26.98 [28.09] 30.97 [32.07] [35.45] 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38(2) 69.72 72.63 74.92 78.96(3) 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.96(2) [99] 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba lanthanoids Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 [204.4] 207.2 209.0 [210] [210] [222]
87 88 89-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
Fr Ra actinoids Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
[223] [226] [267] [268] [271] [272] [277] [276] [281] [280] [285]
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.2 [145] 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.1 175.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
[227] 232.0 231.0 238.0 [237] [239] [243] [247] [247] [252] [252] [257] [258] [259] [262]
Notes
Themuncertaintymof manmatomicmweightmvaluemism±1minmthemlast mdigit munless mamdifferentmvaluemismgivenminmparentheses.mNom
values maremgivenm formelements mwhichmhavemnomnaturalmstablemisotopes; mformsuchmelements,mammassmnumbermof mamtypicalmra
dioisotopemis mgivenminmparentheses.
, Organic
Chemistry
a mechanistic approach
m m
Tadashi Okuyama
m
Professor Emeritus, m
University of Hyogo, Japa
m m m m
n
Howard Maskill m
Visiting Professor, m
Department of Chemical an
m m m m
d
Biological Sciences, m
University of Huddersfıeld, U
m m m m
K
1
Chemistry
,Periodic Table of the Elements
m m m m
1 18
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
[1.008] 2 Key: 13 14 15 16 17 4.003
3 4 atomicmnumber 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
[6.941] 9.012 standard m atomic m weight [10.81] [12.01] [14.01] [16.00] 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na
sodium
Mg
magnesium
Al
aluminium
Si
silicon
P
phosphorus
S
sulfur
Cl
chlorine
Ar
argon
22.99 24.31
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26.98 [28.09] 30.97 [32.07] [35.45] 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38(2) 69.72 72.63 74.92 78.96(3) 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.96(2) [99] 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba lanthanoids Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 [204.4] 207.2 209.0 [210] [210] [222]
87 88 89-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
Fr Ra actinoids Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
[223] [226] [267] [268] [271] [272] [277] [276] [281] [280] [285]
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.2 [145] 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.1 175.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
[227] 232.0 231.0 238.0 [237] [239] [243] [247] [247] [252] [252] [257] [258] [259] [262]
Notes
Themuncertaintymof manmatomicmweightmvaluemism±1minmthemlast mdigit munless mamdifferentmvaluemismgivenminmparentheses.mNom
values maremgivenm formelements mwhichmhavemnomnaturalmstablemisotopes; mformsuchmelements,mammassmnumbermof mamtypicalmra
dioisotopemis mgivenminmparentheses.
, Organic
Chemistry
a mechanistic approach
m m
Tadashi Okuyama
m
Professor Emeritus, m
University of Hyogo, Japa
m m m m
n
Howard Maskill m
Visiting Professor, m
Department of Chemical an
m m m m
d
Biological Sciences, m
University of Huddersfıeld, U
m m m m
K
1
