N262 DIAGNOSTIC TEST VALUES AND CAUSES EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Hgb normal range
12-18 (females lower than males)
Causes of low Hgb
o Blood loss
o Anemia
o Cancer
o Certain meds (e.g. HIV meds)
o Kidney diseases
Causes of high Hgb
o Polycythemia vera
o COPD
o Heart disease (esp. congenital)
o Dehydration
HCT normal range
Women: 36-46
Men: 40-54
Causes of low HCT
,o Anemia
o High WBC #
o Vitamin/mineral deficiencies
o Acute blood loss
o Pregnancy
Causes of high HCT
o Dehydration
o Polycythemia vera
o Lung or heart disease
o Burns
o Hypovolemia
o Diabetic acidosis
RBC normal range
Women: 4.0-5.0 million/nanoL
Men: 4.6-6.0 million/nanoL
Causes of low RBC
o Blood loss
o Anemias
o Leukemias
o Chronic renal failure
o Pregnancy
Causes of high RBC
, o Dehydration
o Polycythemia vera
o High altitude
o Cardiovascular disease
MCV normal range
80-98
Causes of low MCV
o Iron deficiency anemia
o Lead poisoning
Causes of high MCV
o Chronic liver disease
o Pernicious anemia
MCH normal range
27-31
Causes of low MCH
Microcytic anemia
Causes of high MCH
Macrocytic anemia
MCHC normal range
32-36%
Causes of low MCHC
Microcytic or hypochromic anemia
WBC count normal range
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Hgb normal range
12-18 (females lower than males)
Causes of low Hgb
o Blood loss
o Anemia
o Cancer
o Certain meds (e.g. HIV meds)
o Kidney diseases
Causes of high Hgb
o Polycythemia vera
o COPD
o Heart disease (esp. congenital)
o Dehydration
HCT normal range
Women: 36-46
Men: 40-54
Causes of low HCT
,o Anemia
o High WBC #
o Vitamin/mineral deficiencies
o Acute blood loss
o Pregnancy
Causes of high HCT
o Dehydration
o Polycythemia vera
o Lung or heart disease
o Burns
o Hypovolemia
o Diabetic acidosis
RBC normal range
Women: 4.0-5.0 million/nanoL
Men: 4.6-6.0 million/nanoL
Causes of low RBC
o Blood loss
o Anemias
o Leukemias
o Chronic renal failure
o Pregnancy
Causes of high RBC
, o Dehydration
o Polycythemia vera
o High altitude
o Cardiovascular disease
MCV normal range
80-98
Causes of low MCV
o Iron deficiency anemia
o Lead poisoning
Causes of high MCV
o Chronic liver disease
o Pernicious anemia
MCH normal range
27-31
Causes of low MCH
Microcytic anemia
Causes of high MCH
Macrocytic anemia
MCHC normal range
32-36%
Causes of low MCHC
Microcytic or hypochromic anemia
WBC count normal range
