4) N262 EXAM 2 PT. 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Kidneys
Regulate fluid & acid/base balance
- filter blood and remove metabolic wastes
Increases then Decreases
As body ages, urine output ____________________
Infants
Urinary Developmental Factors
- may urinate as often as 20 times/day
- do not have urinary control
Preschoolers
Urinary Developmental Factors
- able to toilet independently
- do not punish for accidents
School-age Children
Urinary Developmental Factors
- enuresis
- nocturnal enuresis
Older Adults
,Urinary Developmental Factors
- nocturnal frequency
Enuresis
Involuntary urination in children beyond age of voluntary bladder control
- loss of bladder control
- reasons? constipation, psychosocial, infection
Nocturnal Frequency
Night time voiding
Nocturnal Enuresis
Involuntary passing of urine during sleep
- primary: never achieved night time urinary control
- secondary: when child has achieved dryness for a period of 6 consecutive months &
then begins urinating during their sleep
Voiding Factors
- psychosocial: privacy, position, time
- fluid and food intake: alcohol and caffeine can increase urine production
- diuretics
- muscle tone
- pathologic conditions: kidney diseases, low bp, stones, hypertrophy of prostate
- surgical and diagnostic procedures
Alcohol and Caffeine
Increase urine production
5-6
, People usually void __________ times a day
Polyuria
Increased urinary output
- diuresis
- may follow polydipsia-> increased thirst
- can cause excessive fluid loss
Oliguria and Anuria
No urine production
- dialysis, kidney failure
Oliguria
Low urinary output
- less than 500 milliLiter/day or 30 mL/hour
Dialysis
Cycle to excrete toxins out of body
- anuria!
- hemo vs peritoneal
Hemodialysis
The process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood
- cleans it, 3-4 times a week, few hours a day
Peritoneal Dialysis
Lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
- tube in abdomen drains fluid, reinserts new, high infection rate
Frequency
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Kidneys
Regulate fluid & acid/base balance
- filter blood and remove metabolic wastes
Increases then Decreases
As body ages, urine output ____________________
Infants
Urinary Developmental Factors
- may urinate as often as 20 times/day
- do not have urinary control
Preschoolers
Urinary Developmental Factors
- able to toilet independently
- do not punish for accidents
School-age Children
Urinary Developmental Factors
- enuresis
- nocturnal enuresis
Older Adults
,Urinary Developmental Factors
- nocturnal frequency
Enuresis
Involuntary urination in children beyond age of voluntary bladder control
- loss of bladder control
- reasons? constipation, psychosocial, infection
Nocturnal Frequency
Night time voiding
Nocturnal Enuresis
Involuntary passing of urine during sleep
- primary: never achieved night time urinary control
- secondary: when child has achieved dryness for a period of 6 consecutive months &
then begins urinating during their sleep
Voiding Factors
- psychosocial: privacy, position, time
- fluid and food intake: alcohol and caffeine can increase urine production
- diuretics
- muscle tone
- pathologic conditions: kidney diseases, low bp, stones, hypertrophy of prostate
- surgical and diagnostic procedures
Alcohol and Caffeine
Increase urine production
5-6
, People usually void __________ times a day
Polyuria
Increased urinary output
- diuresis
- may follow polydipsia-> increased thirst
- can cause excessive fluid loss
Oliguria and Anuria
No urine production
- dialysis, kidney failure
Oliguria
Low urinary output
- less than 500 milliLiter/day or 30 mL/hour
Dialysis
Cycle to excrete toxins out of body
- anuria!
- hemo vs peritoneal
Hemodialysis
The process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood
- cleans it, 3-4 times a week, few hours a day
Peritoneal Dialysis
Lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
- tube in abdomen drains fluid, reinserts new, high infection rate
Frequency
