,Chapter u01u-uTheuFactsuofuLife:uChemistryuIsutheuLogicuofuBiologicaluPhenomena
1. Allu areu distinctive u propertiesu of u livingu systemsu EXCEPT:
a. Livingu organismsu areu relatively u simple.
b. Biologicalu structuresu play u au roleu in u theu organism'su existence.
c. Theu livingu stateu isu characterized u by u theu flowu of u energy u through u theu organism.
d. Livingu organismsu areu highly u organized.
e. Livingu organismsu areu actively u engaged u in u energy u transformation.
ANSWER: a
2. Even u though utheubuildingublocksu haveufairlyusimpleu structures,u macromoleculesuareuexquisitelyuorganizeduin utheirui
ntricateu three-dimensionalu architecture u known u as:
a. configuration.
b. conformation.
c. sequence.
d. Lewisu structure.
e. structuralu maturation.
ANSWER: b
3. Allu of u theu followingu activitiesu requireu theu presence u of u ATPu oru NADPHu EXCEPT:
a. osmoregulation.
b. biosynthesis.
c. movementu of u muscles.
d. lightu emission.
e. none,u they u areu allu energy-requiringu activities.
ANSWER: e
4. Which u areu theu fouru mostu common u elementsu in u theu human u body?
a. hydrogen, u calcium,u oxygen u and u sodium
b. hydrogen, u oxygen,u iron u and u carbon
c. hydrogen, u oxygen,u carbon u and u nitrogen
d. oxygen,u carbon,u iron u and u nitrogen
e. oxygen,u silicon,u calciumu and u nitrogen
ANSWER: c
5. Whatu makesu carbon u such u an u abundantu elementu in u biomolecules?
a. Itu can u formu up u to u fiveu bondsu by u sharingu itsu electrons.
b. Itu formsu only u singleu bonds.
c. Itu providesu lowu bond u energy.
d. Itu formsu stableu covalentu bondsu by u electron u pairu sharing.
e. Itu doesu notu usually u bond u to u otheru carbons,u allowingu au moreu diverse u combination u of u elements.
ANSWER: d
6. Theu majoru precursorsu foru theu formation u of u biomoleculesu include u allu EXCEPT:
a. nitrateu and u dinitrogen.
b. water.
c. carbon u dioxide.
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,Chapter u01u-uTheuFactsuofuLife:uChemistryuIsutheuLogicuofuBiologicaluPhenomena
d. ammonium u ion.
e. none,u allu areu majoru precursors.
ANSWER: e
7. Fromu theu majoru precursors, u theu complex u biomoleculesu areu madeu in u which u sequence?
a. metabolites,u buildingu blocks,u macromolecules, u supramolecularu complexes
b. macromolecules, u buildingu blocks,u metabolites,u supramolecularu complexes
c. buildingublocks,u macromolecules, u supramolecularu complexes, u metabolites
d. metabolites,u macromolecules, u buildingu blocks,u supramolecularu complexes
e. metabolites,u buildingu blocks,u supramolecularu complexes, u macromolecules
ANSWER: a
8. Theu structuralu integrityuofusupramolecularucomplexesu(assemblies)uofumultipleucomponentsuareubondeduto ueach uotheruby u
allu of u theu followingu forcesu EXCEPT:
a. covalentu bonds
b. van u deru Waalsu forces
c. hydrogen u bonds
d. hydrophobic u interactions
e. ionicu interactions
ANSWER: a
9. Organellesu haveu whatu threeu attributes?
a. Only u in u prokaryotic u cells,u membrane u bound,u haveu au dedicated u setu of u tasks.
b. Only u in u eukaryotic u cells,u membrane u bound,u haveu au dedicated u setu of u tasks.
c. Only u in u eukaryotic u cells,u seldom u membrane u bound,u haveu au dedicated u setu of u tasks.
d. Only u in u prokaryotic u cells,u membrane u bound,u multi-functional.
e. In u both u prokaryotic u cellsu and u eukaryotic u cells,u membrane u bound,u haveu au dedicated u setu of u tasks.
ANSWER: b
10. Membraneu structuresu areu maintained u primarily u by:
a. hydrophobic u interactions.
b. covalentu bonds.
c. hydrogen u bonds.
d. non-spontaneousu assembly.
e. ionicu interactions.
ANSWER: a
11. Allu of u theu followingu areu propertiesu of u membranesu EXCEPT:
a. supramolecularu assemblies.
b. define u boundariesu of u cellularu components.
c. spontaneousu assembliesu resultingu fromu hydrophobic u interactions.
d. identicalu protein u and u lipid u composition u in u theu majoru organelles.
e. none,u allu areu true.
ANSWER: d
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, Chapter u01u-uTheuFactsuofuLife:uChemistryuIsutheuLogicuofuBiologicaluPhenomena
12. Which u of u theu followingu properly u ranksu theu non-covalentu interactionsu in u orderu of u increasingu strength?
a. ionic,u hydrogen u bond,u van u deru Waals
b. van u deru Waals,u hydrogen u bond,u ionic
c. van u deru Waals,u ionic,u hydrogen u bond
d. hydrogen u bond,u van u deru Waals,u ionic
e. cannotu beu determined u sinceu ionicu interactionsu and u hydrogen u bondsu often u vary u in u strength
ANSWER: e
13. Weak u forcesuthatucreateuconstantly uforminguand ubreakinguinteractionsuatuphysiologicalu temperatures,ubutucumulativelyui
mpartu stability u to u biologicalu structuresu generated u by u theiru collectiveu activity u include u allu EXCEPT:
a. hydrogen u bonds
b. van u deru Waalsu forces
c. covalentu bonds
d. ionicu interactions
e. hydrophobic u interactions
ANSWER: c
14. Which u of u theu followingu isu au trueu statementu aboutu non-covalentu bonds?
a. They u areu allu theu resultu of u electron u sharing.
b. Hydrogen ubonds,uionicubond uanduhydrophobicuinteractionsuallucarryuaudegreeuofu specificity uwhileuvan uderu
Waalsu interactionsu areu induced.
c. Allu noncovalentu bondsu areu formed u between u oppositely u charged u polaru functions.
d. Van u deruWaalsuinteractionsuareunotuaffected uby ustructuralucomplementarity,u whileuhydrogen ubonds,uionicu
bondsu and u hydrophobic u interaction u areu affected u by u structuralu complementarity.
e. Hydrogen,u van u deru Waals,u and u hydrophobic u interactionsu do u notu formu linearu bonds.
ANSWER: b
15. Electrostaticu forces
a. includeuionicuinteractionsu between u negatively u charged u carboxylu groupsu and u positively u charged u amino u groups.
b. averageu aboutu 2 u kJ/molu in u aqueousu solutions.
c. typically u areu directionalu likeu hydrogen u bonds.
d. requireu au preciseu fitu likeu van u deru Waalsu interactions.
e. includeu ionic,u induced u dipoleu and u permanentu dipoleu interactions.
ANSWER: a
16. Allu areu trueu aboutu hydrophobic u interactionsu EXCEPT:
a. Hydrophobicu interactionsu resultu fromu theu strongu tendency u of u wateru to u exclude u nonpolaru groupsu oru molecules.
b. Hydrophobicuinteractionsuresultubecauseuwaterumoleculesupreferutheustrongeruinteractionsu thatu theyushareuwith u
oneu another,u compared u to u theiru interactionsu with u nonpolaru molecules.
c. Hydrophobic u interactionsu resultu fromu hydrogen u bondsu between u wateru and u theu hydrophobic u molecules.
d. Theu preferentialu interactionsubetweenuwaterumoleculesu"exclude"uhydrophobicusubstancesufromuaqueousu
solution u and u driveu theu tendency u of u nonpolaru moleculesu to u clusteru together.
e. Hydrophobicuinteractionsuresultuinunonpolaru regionsuofubiologicalumoleculesu beinguburied uinutheumolecule'sui
nterioru to u exclude u themu fromu theu aqueousu milieu.
ANSWER: c
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1. Allu areu distinctive u propertiesu of u livingu systemsu EXCEPT:
a. Livingu organismsu areu relatively u simple.
b. Biologicalu structuresu play u au roleu in u theu organism'su existence.
c. Theu livingu stateu isu characterized u by u theu flowu of u energy u through u theu organism.
d. Livingu organismsu areu highly u organized.
e. Livingu organismsu areu actively u engaged u in u energy u transformation.
ANSWER: a
2. Even u though utheubuildingublocksu haveufairlyusimpleu structures,u macromoleculesuareuexquisitelyuorganizeduin utheirui
ntricateu three-dimensionalu architecture u known u as:
a. configuration.
b. conformation.
c. sequence.
d. Lewisu structure.
e. structuralu maturation.
ANSWER: b
3. Allu of u theu followingu activitiesu requireu theu presence u of u ATPu oru NADPHu EXCEPT:
a. osmoregulation.
b. biosynthesis.
c. movementu of u muscles.
d. lightu emission.
e. none,u they u areu allu energy-requiringu activities.
ANSWER: e
4. Which u areu theu fouru mostu common u elementsu in u theu human u body?
a. hydrogen, u calcium,u oxygen u and u sodium
b. hydrogen, u oxygen,u iron u and u carbon
c. hydrogen, u oxygen,u carbon u and u nitrogen
d. oxygen,u carbon,u iron u and u nitrogen
e. oxygen,u silicon,u calciumu and u nitrogen
ANSWER: c
5. Whatu makesu carbon u such u an u abundantu elementu in u biomolecules?
a. Itu can u formu up u to u fiveu bondsu by u sharingu itsu electrons.
b. Itu formsu only u singleu bonds.
c. Itu providesu lowu bond u energy.
d. Itu formsu stableu covalentu bondsu by u electron u pairu sharing.
e. Itu doesu notu usually u bond u to u otheru carbons,u allowingu au moreu diverse u combination u of u elements.
ANSWER: d
6. Theu majoru precursorsu foru theu formation u of u biomoleculesu include u allu EXCEPT:
a. nitrateu and u dinitrogen.
b. water.
c. carbon u dioxide.
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,Chapter u01u-uTheuFactsuofuLife:uChemistryuIsutheuLogicuofuBiologicaluPhenomena
d. ammonium u ion.
e. none,u allu areu majoru precursors.
ANSWER: e
7. Fromu theu majoru precursors, u theu complex u biomoleculesu areu madeu in u which u sequence?
a. metabolites,u buildingu blocks,u macromolecules, u supramolecularu complexes
b. macromolecules, u buildingu blocks,u metabolites,u supramolecularu complexes
c. buildingublocks,u macromolecules, u supramolecularu complexes, u metabolites
d. metabolites,u macromolecules, u buildingu blocks,u supramolecularu complexes
e. metabolites,u buildingu blocks,u supramolecularu complexes, u macromolecules
ANSWER: a
8. Theu structuralu integrityuofusupramolecularucomplexesu(assemblies)uofumultipleucomponentsuareubondeduto ueach uotheruby u
allu of u theu followingu forcesu EXCEPT:
a. covalentu bonds
b. van u deru Waalsu forces
c. hydrogen u bonds
d. hydrophobic u interactions
e. ionicu interactions
ANSWER: a
9. Organellesu haveu whatu threeu attributes?
a. Only u in u prokaryotic u cells,u membrane u bound,u haveu au dedicated u setu of u tasks.
b. Only u in u eukaryotic u cells,u membrane u bound,u haveu au dedicated u setu of u tasks.
c. Only u in u eukaryotic u cells,u seldom u membrane u bound,u haveu au dedicated u setu of u tasks.
d. Only u in u prokaryotic u cells,u membrane u bound,u multi-functional.
e. In u both u prokaryotic u cellsu and u eukaryotic u cells,u membrane u bound,u haveu au dedicated u setu of u tasks.
ANSWER: b
10. Membraneu structuresu areu maintained u primarily u by:
a. hydrophobic u interactions.
b. covalentu bonds.
c. hydrogen u bonds.
d. non-spontaneousu assembly.
e. ionicu interactions.
ANSWER: a
11. Allu of u theu followingu areu propertiesu of u membranesu EXCEPT:
a. supramolecularu assemblies.
b. define u boundariesu of u cellularu components.
c. spontaneousu assembliesu resultingu fromu hydrophobic u interactions.
d. identicalu protein u and u lipid u composition u in u theu majoru organelles.
e. none,u allu areu true.
ANSWER: d
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, Chapter u01u-uTheuFactsuofuLife:uChemistryuIsutheuLogicuofuBiologicaluPhenomena
12. Which u of u theu followingu properly u ranksu theu non-covalentu interactionsu in u orderu of u increasingu strength?
a. ionic,u hydrogen u bond,u van u deru Waals
b. van u deru Waals,u hydrogen u bond,u ionic
c. van u deru Waals,u ionic,u hydrogen u bond
d. hydrogen u bond,u van u deru Waals,u ionic
e. cannotu beu determined u sinceu ionicu interactionsu and u hydrogen u bondsu often u vary u in u strength
ANSWER: e
13. Weak u forcesuthatucreateuconstantly uforminguand ubreakinguinteractionsuatuphysiologicalu temperatures,ubutucumulativelyui
mpartu stability u to u biologicalu structuresu generated u by u theiru collectiveu activity u include u allu EXCEPT:
a. hydrogen u bonds
b. van u deru Waalsu forces
c. covalentu bonds
d. ionicu interactions
e. hydrophobic u interactions
ANSWER: c
14. Which u of u theu followingu isu au trueu statementu aboutu non-covalentu bonds?
a. They u areu allu theu resultu of u electron u sharing.
b. Hydrogen ubonds,uionicubond uanduhydrophobicuinteractionsuallucarryuaudegreeuofu specificity uwhileuvan uderu
Waalsu interactionsu areu induced.
c. Allu noncovalentu bondsu areu formed u between u oppositely u charged u polaru functions.
d. Van u deruWaalsuinteractionsuareunotuaffected uby ustructuralucomplementarity,u whileuhydrogen ubonds,uionicu
bondsu and u hydrophobic u interaction u areu affected u by u structuralu complementarity.
e. Hydrogen,u van u deru Waals,u and u hydrophobic u interactionsu do u notu formu linearu bonds.
ANSWER: b
15. Electrostaticu forces
a. includeuionicuinteractionsu between u negatively u charged u carboxylu groupsu and u positively u charged u amino u groups.
b. averageu aboutu 2 u kJ/molu in u aqueousu solutions.
c. typically u areu directionalu likeu hydrogen u bonds.
d. requireu au preciseu fitu likeu van u deru Waalsu interactions.
e. includeu ionic,u induced u dipoleu and u permanentu dipoleu interactions.
ANSWER: a
16. Allu areu trueu aboutu hydrophobic u interactionsu EXCEPT:
a. Hydrophobicu interactionsu resultu fromu theu strongu tendency u of u wateru to u exclude u nonpolaru groupsu oru molecules.
b. Hydrophobicuinteractionsuresultubecauseuwaterumoleculesupreferutheustrongeruinteractionsu thatu theyushareuwith u
oneu another,u compared u to u theiru interactionsu with u nonpolaru molecules.
c. Hydrophobic u interactionsu resultu fromu hydrogen u bondsu between u wateru and u theu hydrophobic u molecules.
d. Theu preferentialu interactionsubetweenuwaterumoleculesu"exclude"uhydrophobicusubstancesufromuaqueousu
solution u and u driveu theu tendency u of u nonpolaru moleculesu to u clusteru together.
e. Hydrophobicuinteractionsuresultuinunonpolaru regionsuofubiologicalumoleculesu beinguburied uinutheumolecule'sui
nterioru to u exclude u themu fromu theu aqueousu milieu.
ANSWER: c
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