,Chapter m1—Molecular mReasons
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Which mof mthesemismthembestmdefinitionmofmmatter?
a. Thempullmof mgravity mon man mobject.
b. Anythingmthatmhasmweightmand mvolume.
c. Anythingmthatmhasmmassmand moccupiesmspace.
d. Anythingmthatmismdirectly mproportionalmto mweight.
e. Themmeasure mof mthemamountmof mspace man mobjectmoccupies.
ANS:m C PTS:m m 1
2. Which mof mthesemstatementsmismcorrect?
a. Themamountmof mcarbon mon mearth mismessentially mconstant.
b. Themamountmof mcarbon mon mearth mfluctuatesmwith mthemseasons.
c. Themamountmof mcarbon mon mearth mismincreasingmduemto mplantmand manimalmgrowth.
d. Themamountmof mcarbon mon mearth mismdecreasingmduemto mconsumption mof mcarbon mbased mfuels.
e. Both mBmand mCmaremcorrect.
ANS:m A PTS:m m 1
3. ThemFrenchmchemistmAntoinemLavoisiermfoundmthatmthemweightmofmobjectsmbeforemburningmandmthemw
eightmofmthemproductsmaftermburningmweremequal.mHemconcludedmthatmthemtotalmweightmdidmnotmchan
ge mduringmamprocess.mWhichmofmthese mbestmdescribesmLavoisier'smconclusion?
a. Frommobservation, mLavoisiermcreated mamscientific mlaw.
b. Frommobservation, mLavoisiermcreated mamscientific mtheory.
c. Frommscientific mlaw,mLavoisiermcreated mamscientificmtheory.
d. Frommexperimentation, mLavoisiermcreated mamscientific mlaw.
e. Frommobservation, mLavoisiermcreated mamscientific mconclusion.
ANS:m A PTS:m m 1
4. Whenmusingmthe mscientificmmethod,mbefore mexperimentsmare mdone mam
shouldmb
e mestablished.
a. hypothesis
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS:m A PTS:m m 1
5. Amstatementmwhichmsummarizesmthemdatamobtainedmfrommamseriesmofmobservationsmismknownmasma(n)
.
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
TestmBank Chemistrym inmFocus,m 5 1
e
, 6. Which mof mthesemismnotmpartmofmthe mscientificmmethod?
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS:m D PTS:m m 1
7. Which mof mthesemismthembestmdefinitionmofmamscientificmtheory?
a. Amprediction mbased mon mamlimited mnumbermof mobservations.
b. Ammethod mof mexplainingmobservationsmthatmappearsmcontradictory.
c. Ambroadly mapplicable mgeneralization mwith mvirtually mno mexceptions.
d. Ammethod mformapproachingmproblemsmthatmismused mby mallmscientists.
e. Amtentativemmodelmthatmdescribesmthemunderlyingmcausemof mamphysicalmbehavior.
ANS:m E PTS:m m 1
8. Which mof mthesemismthembestmdefinitionmofmamscientificmlaw?
a. Amprediction mbased mon mamlimited mnumbermof mobservations.
b. Ammethod mof mexplainingmobservationsmthatmappearmcontradictory.
c. Ambroadly mapplicable mgeneralization mwith mvirtually mno mexceptions.
d. Ammethod mformapproachingmproblemsmthatmismused mby mallmscientists.
e. Amrulemmademby mscientistsmto mensuremconsistency min mtheirmobservations.
ANS:m C PTS:m m 1
9. A(n) m ismanmexplanationmof mamscientificmobservation.
a. law
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
10. Which mof mthesemismnotmamrequirementmofmamscientificallymacceptable mtheory?
a. Good mpredictive mpowermof mthemtheory.
b. Proven mby madditionalmexperimentation.
c. Sound mreasoningmformamparticularmobservation.
d. Easily mrevised mto maccommodate mnewmobservations
e. Providesmmodelmof mbehaviormconsistentmwith mothermwidely maccepted mtheories.
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
11. Which mof mthesemstatementsmaboutmthemscientific mmethod mismincorrect?
a. Itmismnotmamgroup mof mabsolute mtruths.
b. Itmusesmexperimentsmthatmaremreproducible
c. Itmismused mformtestingmclaimsmaboutmthemnaturalmworld.
d. Itmrequiresmonemto mproposemamtheory mandmperformmexperimentsmtomgivemresultsmwhichmconf
irmmormdisclaimmthemtheory.
e. Allmof mthesemaremcorrectmstatement
s.mANS:m E PTS:m 1
TestmBank Chemistrym inmFocus,m 5 2
e
, 12. Tomexplainmnaturalmphenomenamscientistsmmustm .
a. haveman mopinion.
b. makemobservations.
c. guessmcorrectly mmostmof mthemtime.
d. agreemwith mexistingmtheories.
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
13. Which mscientistmfirstmtheorizedmthatmmattermwasmultimatelymcomposedmofmsmallmindivisible mparti
clesmcalledmatoms?
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS:m E PTS:m m 1
14. The mhistoricalmpredecessormtomchemistrymismknownmasm.
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physicalmscience
ANS:m A PTS:m m 1
15. Whichmofmthese mcontributionsmdidmAlchemistsmofmthe mMiddle mAgesmmake mtommodernmscience?
a. sun mcentered muniverse mand mmetallurgy
b. metallurgy mand mdevelopmentmof mscientific mtechniques
c. scientific mmethod mand mthemLawmof mConservation mof mMass
d. Lawmof mConservation mof mMattermand mThemFirstmAtomicmTheory
e. Lawmof mConservation mof mMassmand mthemLawmof mConstantmComposition
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
16. Thalesmbelievedmthatm ismthe mprinciple melementmofmallmthings.
a. earth
b. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS:m D PTS:m m 1
17. Which mscientistmismincorrectly mmatched mwith mhismideamormtheory?
scientist theory
I. Copernicus amsun mcentered muniverse
II. Dalton AtomicmTheory
III. Galileo amsun mcentered muniverse
IV. Vesalius Mattermismcomposed mof msmallmindivisible mparticles.
V. Boyle Themsimplestmformmof mamsubstance misman melement.
TestmBank Chemistrym inmFocus,m 5 3
e
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Which mof mthesemismthembestmdefinitionmofmmatter?
a. Thempullmof mgravity mon man mobject.
b. Anythingmthatmhasmweightmand mvolume.
c. Anythingmthatmhasmmassmand moccupiesmspace.
d. Anythingmthatmismdirectly mproportionalmto mweight.
e. Themmeasure mof mthemamountmof mspace man mobjectmoccupies.
ANS:m C PTS:m m 1
2. Which mof mthesemstatementsmismcorrect?
a. Themamountmof mcarbon mon mearth mismessentially mconstant.
b. Themamountmof mcarbon mon mearth mfluctuatesmwith mthemseasons.
c. Themamountmof mcarbon mon mearth mismincreasingmduemto mplantmand manimalmgrowth.
d. Themamountmof mcarbon mon mearth mismdecreasingmduemto mconsumption mof mcarbon mbased mfuels.
e. Both mBmand mCmaremcorrect.
ANS:m A PTS:m m 1
3. ThemFrenchmchemistmAntoinemLavoisiermfoundmthatmthemweightmofmobjectsmbeforemburningmandmthemw
eightmofmthemproductsmaftermburningmweremequal.mHemconcludedmthatmthemtotalmweightmdidmnotmchan
ge mduringmamprocess.mWhichmofmthese mbestmdescribesmLavoisier'smconclusion?
a. Frommobservation, mLavoisiermcreated mamscientific mlaw.
b. Frommobservation, mLavoisiermcreated mamscientific mtheory.
c. Frommscientific mlaw,mLavoisiermcreated mamscientificmtheory.
d. Frommexperimentation, mLavoisiermcreated mamscientific mlaw.
e. Frommobservation, mLavoisiermcreated mamscientific mconclusion.
ANS:m A PTS:m m 1
4. Whenmusingmthe mscientificmmethod,mbefore mexperimentsmare mdone mam
shouldmb
e mestablished.
a. hypothesis
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS:m A PTS:m m 1
5. Amstatementmwhichmsummarizesmthemdatamobtainedmfrommamseriesmofmobservationsmismknownmasma(n)
.
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
TestmBank Chemistrym inmFocus,m 5 1
e
, 6. Which mof mthesemismnotmpartmofmthe mscientificmmethod?
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS:m D PTS:m m 1
7. Which mof mthesemismthembestmdefinitionmofmamscientificmtheory?
a. Amprediction mbased mon mamlimited mnumbermof mobservations.
b. Ammethod mof mexplainingmobservationsmthatmappearsmcontradictory.
c. Ambroadly mapplicable mgeneralization mwith mvirtually mno mexceptions.
d. Ammethod mformapproachingmproblemsmthatmismused mby mallmscientists.
e. Amtentativemmodelmthatmdescribesmthemunderlyingmcausemof mamphysicalmbehavior.
ANS:m E PTS:m m 1
8. Which mof mthesemismthembestmdefinitionmofmamscientificmlaw?
a. Amprediction mbased mon mamlimited mnumbermof mobservations.
b. Ammethod mof mexplainingmobservationsmthatmappearmcontradictory.
c. Ambroadly mapplicable mgeneralization mwith mvirtually mno mexceptions.
d. Ammethod mformapproachingmproblemsmthatmismused mby mallmscientists.
e. Amrulemmademby mscientistsmto mensuremconsistency min mtheirmobservations.
ANS:m C PTS:m m 1
9. A(n) m ismanmexplanationmof mamscientificmobservation.
a. law
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
10. Which mof mthesemismnotmamrequirementmofmamscientificallymacceptable mtheory?
a. Good mpredictive mpowermof mthemtheory.
b. Proven mby madditionalmexperimentation.
c. Sound mreasoningmformamparticularmobservation.
d. Easily mrevised mto maccommodate mnewmobservations
e. Providesmmodelmof mbehaviormconsistentmwith mothermwidely maccepted mtheories.
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
11. Which mof mthesemstatementsmaboutmthemscientific mmethod mismincorrect?
a. Itmismnotmamgroup mof mabsolute mtruths.
b. Itmusesmexperimentsmthatmaremreproducible
c. Itmismused mformtestingmclaimsmaboutmthemnaturalmworld.
d. Itmrequiresmonemto mproposemamtheory mandmperformmexperimentsmtomgivemresultsmwhichmconf
irmmormdisclaimmthemtheory.
e. Allmof mthesemaremcorrectmstatement
s.mANS:m E PTS:m 1
TestmBank Chemistrym inmFocus,m 5 2
e
, 12. Tomexplainmnaturalmphenomenamscientistsmmustm .
a. haveman mopinion.
b. makemobservations.
c. guessmcorrectly mmostmof mthemtime.
d. agreemwith mexistingmtheories.
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
13. Which mscientistmfirstmtheorizedmthatmmattermwasmultimatelymcomposedmofmsmallmindivisible mparti
clesmcalledmatoms?
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS:m E PTS:m m 1
14. The mhistoricalmpredecessormtomchemistrymismknownmasm.
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physicalmscience
ANS:m A PTS:m m 1
15. Whichmofmthese mcontributionsmdidmAlchemistsmofmthe mMiddle mAgesmmake mtommodernmscience?
a. sun mcentered muniverse mand mmetallurgy
b. metallurgy mand mdevelopmentmof mscientific mtechniques
c. scientific mmethod mand mthemLawmof mConservation mof mMass
d. Lawmof mConservation mof mMattermand mThemFirstmAtomicmTheory
e. Lawmof mConservation mof mMassmand mthemLawmof mConstantmComposition
ANS:m B PTS:m m 1
16. Thalesmbelievedmthatm ismthe mprinciple melementmofmallmthings.
a. earth
b. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS:m D PTS:m m 1
17. Which mscientistmismincorrectly mmatched mwith mhismideamormtheory?
scientist theory
I. Copernicus amsun mcentered muniverse
II. Dalton AtomicmTheory
III. Galileo amsun mcentered muniverse
IV. Vesalius Mattermismcomposed mof msmallmindivisible mparticles.
V. Boyle Themsimplestmformmof mamsubstance misman melement.
TestmBank Chemistrym inmFocus,m 5 3
e
