Test Bank for Cognition Exploring the Science of the Mind 7th Edition by Daniel Reisberg.pdf

, CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
m m m m m m



LEARNINGmOBJECTIVES

1.1. Describemthemscopemand mgoalsmof mcognitivempsychology.


1.2. Understand mthemcasemof mH.M.,mand mthemmany mwaysmthat mmemory minfluencesmourmlives.


1.3. Describemthemlimitationsmof mintrospection masma mmethod mformscientificminquiry.


1.4. Comparemand mcontrast mclassicalm(Watsonian)mbehaviorism mand mcognitivempsychology.


1.5. Kant’sm“transcendentalmmethod”mismsometimesmcalled m“inferencemto mbest m explanation.” mExplain mthismmethod mand mhowmitworks.


1.6. Describemthemrole,min mthememergencemof mcognitivempsychology,mthat mwasmplayed mby mcomputermsciencemand mthemdevelop-
ment mof m“computermintelligence.”




MULTIPLE mCHOICE

1. Which mof mthemfollowingmtopicsmismNOTmcommonly mstudied mwithin m cognitivempsychology?
a. angermmanagement c. memory

b. decision mmaking d. Attention



ANS: m A DIF: Easy REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsychology mOBJ: 1.1 MSC: mUnderstanding

2. CognitivemprocessesmaremNOTmnecessary mform which mdaily mactivity?
a. readingma mnewspape c. talkingmon mthemphone
r
d. breathing
b. studyingmforma mtest



ANS: m D DIF: Easy REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsycholog
y
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying

3. Alyssa mwantsmto mbema mpsychologist mbut mismunsuremwhich mtopicmwithin mpsychology mmost minterestsmher.mWhich m
of mthemfollowingmtopicsmwould mbemLEASTmlikely mto mlead mherminto mcognitivempsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lymemdisease
b. languagemacquisition d. problem-solvingmstrategies

,ANS: m C DIF: Easy REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsychology mOBJ: 1.1 MSC: mApplying

4. Considermthemsequencem“Betsy mwanted mtombringmJacob ma mpresent.mShemshook mhermpiggy mbank.”mMostmpeople,ma
ftermhearingmthismsequence,mbelievemBetsy mwasmcheckingmhermpiggy mbank mto mseemif mshemhad mmoneymto mspend monmthemgift.mThisminfe
rencemabout mBetsy’smgoalsmdependsmon mthemfact mthat
a. ourmpreviousmknowledgemfillsmin mbackground minformation mwhenevermwe’remunderstandingman me
vent mormconversation.

b. readersmaremlikely mto mknowmsomeonemnamed mJacob.

c. English,munlikemothermlanguages,mrequiresmspeakersmto mmention mallmof mthempeopleminvolved mi
n man mevent.

d. themindividualmsentencesmaremshort.


ANS: m A DIF: Easy REF:
ThemBroad mRolemformMemory mOBJ: 1.1 MSC: mUnderstanding

5. Which mof mthemfollowingmstatementsmismLEASTmlikely mto mapply mto mpatient mH.M.?
a. “Hemcannot mremembermwhat mhemdid mearliermtoday,mincludingmeventsmthat mtook mplacemjust man mhourmago.”

b. “Hemread mthismstory mlast mmonth,mbut mhemwasmstillmsurprised mby mhowmthemstory mturned mout.”

c. “Even mthough mhemhasmencountered mthemnursemmany mtimes,mhemismstillmunablemto mrecognizemher.”

d. “Hemremembered mthat mit mwasmonly ma mweek mago mthat mhe’d mheard mthemsad mnewsmthat mhismunclemhad mdied.”


ANS: m D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia mand mMemory mLossmOBJ: 1.2 MSC: mApplying

6. Research mwith mH.M.mprovidesman millustration mformwhich mmajormthememof mthemchapter?
a. Introspection misman mimportant mresearch mtoolmformcognitivempsychologists.

b. Cognitivempsychology mcan mhelp musmunderstandma mwidemrangemof mactivitiesmthat mdepend mon msome
one’smability mto mremember.

c. Memory mismnot mvery mimportant.

d. Themdisruption mcaused mby mbrain mdamagemdependsmonmhowmwidespread mthemdamagemis,mand mnotmo
n mthemspecificmsitesmthat maremdamaged.


ANS: m m B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemScopemof mCognitivemPsycholog
y
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating

7. Patientsmsufferingmfrom mclinicalmamnesia maremcharacterized mby
a. memory mdysfunction. c. inarticulatemspeech.
b. an minability mto mrecognizempatterns d. impaired mlanguagemcomprehension.
.



ANS: m A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia mand mMemory mLossmOBJ: 1.2 MSC: mRemembering

8. Themterm m“introspection” mrefersmto mthe
a. processmby mwhich monemindividualmseeksmto minfermthemthoughtsmof manothermindividual.

b. proceduremof mexaminingmthought mprocessingmby mmonitoringmthembrain’smelectricalmactivity.

, c. processmof meach mperson mlookingmwithin,mto mobservemhismormhermown mthoughtsmand mideas.

d. technique mof mstudyingmthought mby minterpretingmthemsymbolsmused min mcommunication.


ANS: m C DIF: Easy REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mRemembering

9. Amparticipant mismasked mto mlook mwithin mhimself mormherself mand mreport mon mhismormhermown mmentalmprocesses.mThismmethod
ismcalled
a. logicalminference. c. introspection.m
b. reconstruction. d.



ANS: m C DIF: Easy REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mRemembering

10. Of mthemfollowing,mintrospection mismLEASTmusefulmformstudying
a. topicsmthat maremstrongly mcolored mby memotion.

b. mentalmeventsmthat maremunconscious.
c. processesmthat minvolvemconceptualmknowledge.

d. eventsmthat mtakema mlongmtimemto munfold.


ANS: m B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mUnderstanding

11. Which mof mthemfollowingmstatementsmabout mintrospection m ismFALSE?
a. Itmismthemonly mway mto mobservemconsciousmeventsmdirectly.

b. Itmismsubjective.

c. Itmprovidesmstrongmevidencemformhypothesis-testing.

d. Itmwasma mtechnique mused mhistorically mto mstudy mcognition.


ANS: m C DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mUnderstanding

12. Geniemwondersmwhy mshemcan mnevermremembermthemnamesmofmnewmacquaintances.mIn msearch mof man manswer,mshemexa
minesmand mreflectsmon mhermfeelingsmabout mmeetingmnewmpeople.mGeniemismengaged min mwhich mprocess?
a. practicalmrehearsal c. learningmhistory manalysis
b. introspection d. goalmretrieval



ANS: m B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThemLimitsmof mIntrospection mOBJ: 1.3 MSC: mApplying

13. Introspection mwasmemployed masma mresearch mtoolmin mthemlatem1800smbecause
a. itmwasmregarded masmthemonly mway mto mobservemthemmind’smcontentsmdirectly.

b. itmprovided mdata mfrom mindividualsmwithout many mspecialized mtraining.

c. consciousmeventsmaremjust masmimportant masmunconsciousmevents.