, TestnBank,nChaptern1
1. Which nof nthenfollowingnisnNOTnan nexamplenof nevolution?
(a) Beaknsizeninnanpopulationnof nbirdsnbecomesnlargernfromnonengenerationntont
hennextnbecausenlargernbeakednbirdsnhadnhighernreproductivensuccessnan
dnpassednthentraitntontheirnoffspring
(b) Overnlongnperiodsnof ntimenwhalesngraduallynlostntheirnhindlimbs
(c) Whenntravelingntonhighnaltitude,nhumannphysiologynchangesnton
accommodatenlowernoxygennlevels
(d) All nof nthenabovenarenexamplesnof nevolution
2. Thenflukenof nanwhalenandnthenflukenof nanshark:
(a) arenhomologousntraits
(b) arosenthrough nconvergentnevolution
(c) arenthenresultnof nnatural nselection
(d) bnandncnarencorrect
(e) all narencorrect
3. Mammarynglandsnin nwhalesnandnhumans:
(a) arenansynapomorphynfornthesenspeciesnandnothernmammals
(b) arenhomologousntraits
(c) werenlikelynpresentninnthenmostnrecentncommon nancestornofnhumansnandn
whales
(d) allnarencorrect
(e) nonenarencorrect
4. Basednon ncurrentnfossil nevidence:
(a) whalesnwerenlikelynfullynaquaticnbeforentheynevolvednpeg-
likenteeth nornbaleen
(b) evolution nof nbaleen nforcednwhalesntonbecomenfullynaquatic
(c) thenteeth nof nextinctnwhalesnsuchnasnDorudonnwerensimilarntonthosenof n
extinctnlandnmammals
(d) anandncnarencorrect
(e) bnandncnarencorrect
5. Onenimportantnfeaturenthatnlinksnextinctnorganismsnsuch nasn Pakicetusnand
Indohyusntoncetaceansnis:
(a) thenshapenofnanboneninnthenmiddlenear
(b) thenpresencenof nforelimbnflippers
(c) thenlacknof nhindlegs
(d) peg-likenteeth
,6. Thenplacementnof nwhalesnwithin nthenartiodactylsnisnsupportednby:
(a) morphologynof nlimbnbonesn(e.g.nthenastragalus)nin nextinctnwhales
(b) DNAnevidence
(c) thenfactnthatnsomenartiodactylsn(e.g.nhippos)nspendnansignificantnamountnofnt
imenin nthenwater
(d) anandnbnarencorrect
(e) all nof nthenabove
7. Fromnexaminingnthenfossil nrecord,nscientistsnhavenpostulatednthatnlong-
termnhistoricnchangesnin ncetacean ndiversityndependednon:
(a) changesnin nthenabundancenof ndiatoms,nonenof ntheirnmain nfoodnsources
(b) changesninnthenabundancenofndiatoms,nwhichnservenasnfoodnforn
animalsnthatnwerenpreyednuponnbyncetaceans
(c) changesnin nseantemperature
(d) risingnpollution nlevelsnin nthenocean
(e) changesnin nthenabundancenof norganismsnthatnpreynon ncetaceans
8. Which nofnthenfollowingnwouldnexplainnwhynvirusesnsuchnasninfluenzanevolvensonr
apidly:
(a) theynhavenanhigh nmutation nrate
(b) theynhavenanhigh nreplication nrate
(c) theyncan nundergonviral nreassortment
(d) nonenof nthenabove
(e) allnofnthenabove
9. Which nofnthenfollowingnstatementsnisnaccuratenregardingnthenevolutionnofndrugnr
esistancenin nanvirus:
(a) thendrugncausesnmutationsnin nthenvirusnthatnmakenitnresistant
(b) evennbeforenthendrugnisnadministered,nsomenvirionsnmightnben
resistant
(c) annindividualnvirionnthatnisnexposedntonthendrugnwill nadaptnbynbecomingnr
esistant;nfuturenapplicationsnofnthendrugnwillnbenineffectivenagainstnthisnvi
rion
(d) all nof nthenabove
10. Thenmolecularnclocknusedntondatenthenemergencenof nthen2009nH1N1nstrain n
wouldnbeninaccuratenif:
(a) mutationsnarosenatndifferentnratesninndifferentnlineages
(b) thenmostnrecentncommon nancestornof nthenviral nstrainsnexistednlongnago
(c) thenmostnrecentncommon nancestornof nthenviral nstrainsnexistednrecently
(d) nonenof nthenabove
, 11. New nmutations:
(a) arenrandomnwith nrespectntontheirneffectsnon nfitness
(b) arennecessarynfornnatural nselection ntoncausenevolutionarynchange
(c) arenrarenin nanpopulation
(d) anandnbnarencorrect
(e) all narencorrect
12. Evolution noccursnwhen:
(a) individualsnin nanpopulation nchangenin nresponsentonthenenvironment
(b) thenaveragenvaluenofntraitninnanpopulationnchangesnfromnonen
generationntonthennext
(c) anandnbnarenboth ncorrect
(d) Neithernanornbnisncorrect
Shortnanswer/essay.
1. Pleasendescribenevidencenthreenpiecesnofnevidencenfoundninnextantncetaceansnt
hatnsupportsnthenideanthatntheirnancestorsnhadnhindlimbs.
1. Duringnembryonicndevelopmentnhindlimbnbudsnform,nbutnarenthenn
stopngrowing.
2. Somenextantnwhalesnhavenanvestigialnpelvis,nwhichnonlynmakesnsensen
ifntheirnancestorsnhadnhindlimbs.
3. DNAnevidencenshowsnthatncetaceansnarennestednwithinnthenartiodact
yls.n Thencommonnancestornofnartiodactylsnwouldnhavenhadnhindlimb
s.
2. Describenhow nscientistsnusedncarbonnisotopesntondeterminenwhethernextinctn
whalesnlikelyninhabitednfreshwaternornsaltwater.
Althoughnmostnoxygennatomsnhaveneightnneutrons,nsomenoxygennisotopesn
havenmoren(e.g.n10).n Seawaternhasnmorenoxygennatomsnwithn10nneutronsn(h
eavy)nthannfreshwater,nandnanimalsnthatnliveninnthenseanincorporatenmorenhe
avynoxygennintontheirnbonesnthannanimalsnthatnlivenonnland.n Thus,nbynmeasu
ringnthenrationofnlightntonheavynoxygenninnthenbonesnofnfossilnwhales,nandnco
mparingnthisntonratiosnfoundninnextantnorganismsninhabitingnfreshwaternorns
eawaternenvironments,nscientistsnwerenablentondeterminenwhethernextinctnw
halesnlikelynlivedninnthenseanornthenland.
1. Which nof nthenfollowingnisnNOTnan nexamplenof nevolution?
(a) Beaknsizeninnanpopulationnof nbirdsnbecomesnlargernfromnonengenerationntont
hennextnbecausenlargernbeakednbirdsnhadnhighernreproductivensuccessnan
dnpassednthentraitntontheirnoffspring
(b) Overnlongnperiodsnof ntimenwhalesngraduallynlostntheirnhindlimbs
(c) Whenntravelingntonhighnaltitude,nhumannphysiologynchangesnton
accommodatenlowernoxygennlevels
(d) All nof nthenabovenarenexamplesnof nevolution
2. Thenflukenof nanwhalenandnthenflukenof nanshark:
(a) arenhomologousntraits
(b) arosenthrough nconvergentnevolution
(c) arenthenresultnof nnatural nselection
(d) bnandncnarencorrect
(e) all narencorrect
3. Mammarynglandsnin nwhalesnandnhumans:
(a) arenansynapomorphynfornthesenspeciesnandnothernmammals
(b) arenhomologousntraits
(c) werenlikelynpresentninnthenmostnrecentncommon nancestornofnhumansnandn
whales
(d) allnarencorrect
(e) nonenarencorrect
4. Basednon ncurrentnfossil nevidence:
(a) whalesnwerenlikelynfullynaquaticnbeforentheynevolvednpeg-
likenteeth nornbaleen
(b) evolution nof nbaleen nforcednwhalesntonbecomenfullynaquatic
(c) thenteeth nof nextinctnwhalesnsuchnasnDorudonnwerensimilarntonthosenof n
extinctnlandnmammals
(d) anandncnarencorrect
(e) bnandncnarencorrect
5. Onenimportantnfeaturenthatnlinksnextinctnorganismsnsuch nasn Pakicetusnand
Indohyusntoncetaceansnis:
(a) thenshapenofnanboneninnthenmiddlenear
(b) thenpresencenof nforelimbnflippers
(c) thenlacknof nhindlegs
(d) peg-likenteeth
,6. Thenplacementnof nwhalesnwithin nthenartiodactylsnisnsupportednby:
(a) morphologynof nlimbnbonesn(e.g.nthenastragalus)nin nextinctnwhales
(b) DNAnevidence
(c) thenfactnthatnsomenartiodactylsn(e.g.nhippos)nspendnansignificantnamountnofnt
imenin nthenwater
(d) anandnbnarencorrect
(e) all nof nthenabove
7. Fromnexaminingnthenfossil nrecord,nscientistsnhavenpostulatednthatnlong-
termnhistoricnchangesnin ncetacean ndiversityndependednon:
(a) changesnin nthenabundancenof ndiatoms,nonenof ntheirnmain nfoodnsources
(b) changesninnthenabundancenofndiatoms,nwhichnservenasnfoodnforn
animalsnthatnwerenpreyednuponnbyncetaceans
(c) changesnin nseantemperature
(d) risingnpollution nlevelsnin nthenocean
(e) changesnin nthenabundancenof norganismsnthatnpreynon ncetaceans
8. Which nofnthenfollowingnwouldnexplainnwhynvirusesnsuchnasninfluenzanevolvensonr
apidly:
(a) theynhavenanhigh nmutation nrate
(b) theynhavenanhigh nreplication nrate
(c) theyncan nundergonviral nreassortment
(d) nonenof nthenabove
(e) allnofnthenabove
9. Which nofnthenfollowingnstatementsnisnaccuratenregardingnthenevolutionnofndrugnr
esistancenin nanvirus:
(a) thendrugncausesnmutationsnin nthenvirusnthatnmakenitnresistant
(b) evennbeforenthendrugnisnadministered,nsomenvirionsnmightnben
resistant
(c) annindividualnvirionnthatnisnexposedntonthendrugnwill nadaptnbynbecomingnr
esistant;nfuturenapplicationsnofnthendrugnwillnbenineffectivenagainstnthisnvi
rion
(d) all nof nthenabove
10. Thenmolecularnclocknusedntondatenthenemergencenof nthen2009nH1N1nstrain n
wouldnbeninaccuratenif:
(a) mutationsnarosenatndifferentnratesninndifferentnlineages
(b) thenmostnrecentncommon nancestornof nthenviral nstrainsnexistednlongnago
(c) thenmostnrecentncommon nancestornof nthenviral nstrainsnexistednrecently
(d) nonenof nthenabove
, 11. New nmutations:
(a) arenrandomnwith nrespectntontheirneffectsnon nfitness
(b) arennecessarynfornnatural nselection ntoncausenevolutionarynchange
(c) arenrarenin nanpopulation
(d) anandnbnarencorrect
(e) all narencorrect
12. Evolution noccursnwhen:
(a) individualsnin nanpopulation nchangenin nresponsentonthenenvironment
(b) thenaveragenvaluenofntraitninnanpopulationnchangesnfromnonen
generationntonthennext
(c) anandnbnarenboth ncorrect
(d) Neithernanornbnisncorrect
Shortnanswer/essay.
1. Pleasendescribenevidencenthreenpiecesnofnevidencenfoundninnextantncetaceansnt
hatnsupportsnthenideanthatntheirnancestorsnhadnhindlimbs.
1. Duringnembryonicndevelopmentnhindlimbnbudsnform,nbutnarenthenn
stopngrowing.
2. Somenextantnwhalesnhavenanvestigialnpelvis,nwhichnonlynmakesnsensen
ifntheirnancestorsnhadnhindlimbs.
3. DNAnevidencenshowsnthatncetaceansnarennestednwithinnthenartiodact
yls.n Thencommonnancestornofnartiodactylsnwouldnhavenhadnhindlimb
s.
2. Describenhow nscientistsnusedncarbonnisotopesntondeterminenwhethernextinctn
whalesnlikelyninhabitednfreshwaternornsaltwater.
Althoughnmostnoxygennatomsnhaveneightnneutrons,nsomenoxygennisotopesn
havenmoren(e.g.n10).n Seawaternhasnmorenoxygennatomsnwithn10nneutronsn(h
eavy)nthannfreshwater,nandnanimalsnthatnliveninnthenseanincorporatenmorenhe
avynoxygennintontheirnbonesnthannanimalsnthatnlivenonnland.n Thus,nbynmeasu
ringnthenrationofnlightntonheavynoxygenninnthenbonesnofnfossilnwhales,nandnco
mparingnthisntonratiosnfoundninnextantnorganismsninhabitingnfreshwaternorns
eawaternenvironments,nscientistsnwerenablentondeterminenwhethernextinctnw
halesnlikelynlivedninnthenseanornthenland.
