NURS 261 Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest Version 2025
Malnutrition - Answers deficit, excess or imbalance in essential components of a balanced diet
Undernutrition - Answers poor nourishment due to inadequate diet or disease
Underweigt - Answers 15 to 20% below weight standards, BMI below 18.5, usually related to illness,
further decrease in BMI = greater risk of mortality
Overweight - Answers weight is greater than 110% of desirable or normal weight
Obesity - Answers weight greater than 120% of desirable weight or normal weight
Overnutrition - Answers ingestion of more food than required
Causes of being underweight - Answers G = genetics
M = malabsorptions of nutrients usually due to some kind of chronic conditions
V = voluntary restriciton of dietary intake such as anorexia nervosa
Starvation related malnutrition (primary PCM) - Answers Chronic starvation e.g. anorexia, food scarcity
Chronic-Disease related malnutrition (secondary PCM) - Answers Conditions that cause mild/moderate
inflammation e.g. cancer, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Chron's disease
Acute Disease or Injury related malnutrition - Answers Marked inflammatory response e.g. major
infections, possibly burns, trauma
Contributing Factors: Socioeconomic factors for Malnutrition - Answers Food security
Contributing Factors: Physical illness - Answers - Prolonged illness, surgery, injury, hospitalization
- Malabsorption syndrome = impaired absorption of nutrition in the GI tract
- Fever = associated with the body's metabolic rate increasing body intake
Contributing Factors: Incomplete diets, Vitamin deficiencies - Answers Rare in developed countries,
found in people chronically ill, alcohol or individuals with poor diet practices
Contributing Factors: Food-drug interactions - Answers Impaired nutrient absorption, appetite changes,
nutrient excretion, metabolic effects
Primary obesity - Answers excess caloric intake for the body's metabolic demand
, Secondary obesity - Answers chromosomal and cognitive anomalies, metabolic problems, CNS lesions
and disorders
Waist Circumference: Female - Answers Very low = < 27.5 in
Low = 27.5 - 35 in
High = 35.5 - 43 in
Very high = > 43.5 in
Waist Circumference: Male - Answers Very low = < 31.5 in
Low = 31.5 - 39 in
High = 39.5 - 47 in
Very high = >47 in
BMI of: underweight, normal, overweight, obese - Answers Underweight: <18.5
Normal: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese : 30-34.9
Severely obese 2: 35-39.9
Morbidly obese 3/ extreme: >40
Gynoid (Pear) Body Shape - Answers Health risks: Osteoporosis, varicose veins, cellulite, SQ fat traps and
stores dietary fat, trapped fatty acids stored as triglycerides
Android (Apple) Body Shape - Answers Health risks: Heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, endometrial
cancer, visceral fat more active
Clinical manifestation of Malnutrition - Answers > Skin, nails, hair
Malnutrition - Answers deficit, excess or imbalance in essential components of a balanced diet
Undernutrition - Answers poor nourishment due to inadequate diet or disease
Underweigt - Answers 15 to 20% below weight standards, BMI below 18.5, usually related to illness,
further decrease in BMI = greater risk of mortality
Overweight - Answers weight is greater than 110% of desirable or normal weight
Obesity - Answers weight greater than 120% of desirable weight or normal weight
Overnutrition - Answers ingestion of more food than required
Causes of being underweight - Answers G = genetics
M = malabsorptions of nutrients usually due to some kind of chronic conditions
V = voluntary restriciton of dietary intake such as anorexia nervosa
Starvation related malnutrition (primary PCM) - Answers Chronic starvation e.g. anorexia, food scarcity
Chronic-Disease related malnutrition (secondary PCM) - Answers Conditions that cause mild/moderate
inflammation e.g. cancer, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Chron's disease
Acute Disease or Injury related malnutrition - Answers Marked inflammatory response e.g. major
infections, possibly burns, trauma
Contributing Factors: Socioeconomic factors for Malnutrition - Answers Food security
Contributing Factors: Physical illness - Answers - Prolonged illness, surgery, injury, hospitalization
- Malabsorption syndrome = impaired absorption of nutrition in the GI tract
- Fever = associated with the body's metabolic rate increasing body intake
Contributing Factors: Incomplete diets, Vitamin deficiencies - Answers Rare in developed countries,
found in people chronically ill, alcohol or individuals with poor diet practices
Contributing Factors: Food-drug interactions - Answers Impaired nutrient absorption, appetite changes,
nutrient excretion, metabolic effects
Primary obesity - Answers excess caloric intake for the body's metabolic demand
, Secondary obesity - Answers chromosomal and cognitive anomalies, metabolic problems, CNS lesions
and disorders
Waist Circumference: Female - Answers Very low = < 27.5 in
Low = 27.5 - 35 in
High = 35.5 - 43 in
Very high = > 43.5 in
Waist Circumference: Male - Answers Very low = < 31.5 in
Low = 31.5 - 39 in
High = 39.5 - 47 in
Very high = >47 in
BMI of: underweight, normal, overweight, obese - Answers Underweight: <18.5
Normal: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese : 30-34.9
Severely obese 2: 35-39.9
Morbidly obese 3/ extreme: >40
Gynoid (Pear) Body Shape - Answers Health risks: Osteoporosis, varicose veins, cellulite, SQ fat traps and
stores dietary fat, trapped fatty acids stored as triglycerides
Android (Apple) Body Shape - Answers Health risks: Heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, endometrial
cancer, visceral fat more active
Clinical manifestation of Malnutrition - Answers > Skin, nails, hair
