EDF 6222 Midterm Exam

EDF 6222 Midterm Exam All of the above... Verbal is not equivalent to vocal; A gesture (e.g., waving a hand towards one's body) can provide the listener with a stimulus that evokes the appropriate response (the listener goes towards the person waving their hand).; A child can mand for a cookie using sign language - ANSWER-What is wrong with using the term "nonverbal communication"? Mike is a nonvocal child that communicates using sign language and gestures. - ANSWER-Sally is completing an assessment on Mike. She indicated the following sentence, "Mike is a nonverbal child that communicates using sign language and gestures". What is a better description of Mike? Both B and C... Irrelevant because the entire analysis is unavailable Not applicable because some sentences would not receive reinforcement in the spoken topography (e.g., "This sentence is false"). - ANSWER-Examining written sentences and linguistic limericks are: It is one of the very few derivatives of Skinner's work to actually adhere to Skinner's concept of behavior frequency - ANSWER-Precision teaching is unique in relation to measurement because: 10-100 times - ANSWER-Frequency is ____________ more sensitive to programming changes than percentage False - ANSWER-In verbal behavior theory, the meanings for the speaker and the listener are the same. False - ANSWER-Referents cannot be explained by stimulus control. True - ANSWER-Well-designed lessons are effective because students have frequent opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge. Both B and C... Any event that is capable of effecting the organism; Any event that occurs, public or private - ANSWER-When radical behaviorists say that behavior is a function of the environment, the term "environment" means: Accessibility; None of the above - ANSWER-Private events differ from overt events based on their: Proprioceptive and Exteroceptive stimuli - ANSWER-Running your fingers over a stone table and thinking, "This is rough" is an example of: Interoceptive stimuli - ANSWER-Stating, "I am hungry" after feeling your stomach contract is an example of: Perceptual behavior - ANSWER-When someone answers the question, "Did you feel a raindrop?" as it starts to rain is an example of: Covert behavior - ANSWER-When someone answers the question, "What are you thinking?", they are providing an example of: Future behavior - ANSWER-When someone answers the question, "When are you going to give him the feedback?", they are providing an example of: Automaticity of reinforcement - ANSWER-Hefferline and Keenan's results on thumb tension is an example of: False - ANSWER-Mental causes mediate the causal relation between the environment and the behavior False; they are rarely crucial - ANSWER-Private events are crucial in the practical control of human behavior. is behavior to be examined just like overt behavior - ANSWER-Covert behavior a situation in which a response exists in an individual's repertoire but cannot be emitted - ANSWER-Skinner describes problem-solving as because more than one history of reinforcement is then active - ANSWER-Novel verbal responses are likely to be generated by discussion The environment - ANSWER-Which of the following can be said to predict, explain, and control one's behavior? Behaviorism - ANSWER-What do we call the philosophy of the science of human behavior? Structuralism - ANSWER-This philosophy of human behavior relies on introspection to explain the conscious mind: Psychophysical parallelism - ANSWER-Methodological behaviorism was not a new concept. What earlier assumption described their beliefs that mind and matter were not interdependent? Both A and C... Examine the available evidence before making a decision; Withholding judgment until sufficient evidence is presented - ANSWER-According to Normand (2009), being skeptical means: Ensure that interobserver agreement has been demonstrated and that experimental control was established - ANSWER-Which of the following should be considered to effectively gather and evaluate empirical evidence? Both B and C.. Mentalistic; Expanatory fictions - ANSWER-If Pavlov settled on "psychic secretions" as an explanation to the phenomena that he observed, we would say he relied on what kind of explanation? While it can add countless stimuli, it does not add any new responses. - ANSWER-Why is respondent conditioning limited when describing human behavior? All of the above... THE BEHAVIOR OF AN ORGANISM IS ACCESSIBLE, can be manipulated, and is generally out of reach in terms of observation - ANSWER-In comparing contingencies of reinforcement with contingencies of survival (organism vs. species), what gives contingencies of reinforcement an edge in explaining most behavior? False; it is selected for the species - ANSWER-Phylogenic contingencies are behaviors selected for the individual. False - ANSWER-All conditioned reflexes serve to protect the organism. False; it is selected for the individual - ANSWER-Ontogenic contingencies are behaviors selected for the species. Instincts - ANSWER-Because the origins of phylogenetic behaviors cannot be observed, they are often referred to in other disciplines as: Both A and B... The learning history cannot be observed; It is difficult to isolate from ontogenic contingencies. - ANSWER-Why are phylogenic contingencies hard to identify? All of the above... Require the learner to orient toward the model; might have to be taught to children with autism; could be taught using mirrors - ANSWER-Miller, Rodriguez, and Rourke (2015) indicated that imitative responses: The mirror might serve as a discriminative control for the model - ANSWER-Miller, Rodriguez, and Rourke (2015) suggested that when mirrors are used in imitation training: True; they are not the sole cause of behavior - ANSWER-Genes are not the sole cause of our behavior. Think - ANSWER-Darwin suggested that humans were not unique in their ability to: Both A and B... Postulated hat organisms tend to learn new things when behaviors are followed by pleasant stimuli and that behaviors tend to decrease when followed by negative stimuli;