Lectures Summary
BMZ management
NOTE: This document is a summary of the most important information from each
lecture that takes place in the BMZ2025 (Entrepreneurial management in
healthcare) module!
➔Lecture 1: Organizations and Management:
What is an Organization:
- “Collective action structured for the pursuit of a common mission”
- The Structure of an organization is: “The pattern of relationships designed to
enable its people to take that action together”
What does an organization consists of: no matter what type of organization we have, all
people in an organization can be categorized like this:
1. Strategic apex (CEO)
2. Middle line (management)
3. Operating core (people who perform the task)
4. Support staff
5. Technostructure (Analysts)
Organizations: Key players:
1. Operators:
- Deliver the services or produce the products
2. Analysts:
- Work to control and adapt organizational activities via planning,
scheduling, measuring
3. Support staff:
, - These people indirectly support the operator such as cleaners and the HR
department.
- People who are indirectly related to the operations
4. Managers:
- Team Leaders to CEO
- Middle, lower level and high level (C-suite) management
5. Culture:
- Internal. Provides a common frame
of reference for all players, belief
system
- Example: Start-up: innovation/new
ideas. Factory: Follow the manual
6. Influences:
- External stakeholders that attempt
to influence the organization.
- Example: External stakeholders
such as ministry of health in
healthcare organizations. In
healthcare there are a big number of external influencers. Another
example is The government: rules on work hours
Knowing about and utilizing your key players can help organization perform successfully
- Innovation is very low currently in healthcare organizations
- Especially in health care this can be overlooked
- Entrepreneurship: great ideas can come from operators, but no one notices.
Main aspects of organization is:
1. The Division of Labor:
Dictated by the mission of the organization
- Example: restaurants: requires cooks, wait staff, bartenders,
busboys, dishwashers, hostesses
- Every player knows what to do, their individual role. More
division of labor requires more specialization which is complex to
do.
- Putting parts and players together to produce a seamless
experience for the customer requires coordination
, - Division of labor → Depends on differentiation or specialization “Who does
what”
2. Coordination:
- Coordination = making sure that the different people and their tasks come
together
Coordination mechanisms:
- There are different ways of coordination, known as coordinating mechanisms:
1. Mutual adjustments:
- Informal communication
- E.g: Two people in a canoe coordinating their movements. Both
have equal say of where to go and how fast.
2. Direct supervision:
- One person on the top decides what others do
- One individual oversees and is responsible for work of others
- E.g: a coach telling players what to do
3. Standardization:
- Of work: Specifying process and rules defined in a manual that
people have to follow. Focused on process E.g: Flight mechanics
- Of skills: through training and specification. According to your
medical degree and training you have a standard way of working.
Focused on process
- Of outputs: focused on outputs and performance. Setting goals and
reaching them. The workers decide how to achieve the goal but
management decides what the goal is. E.g: Providing employees
with a weekly goal
- Of Norms: Embedding shared beliefs to support functioning. E.g.
Lawyers at top firms working excessive hours.
BMZ management
NOTE: This document is a summary of the most important information from each
lecture that takes place in the BMZ2025 (Entrepreneurial management in
healthcare) module!
➔Lecture 1: Organizations and Management:
What is an Organization:
- “Collective action structured for the pursuit of a common mission”
- The Structure of an organization is: “The pattern of relationships designed to
enable its people to take that action together”
What does an organization consists of: no matter what type of organization we have, all
people in an organization can be categorized like this:
1. Strategic apex (CEO)
2. Middle line (management)
3. Operating core (people who perform the task)
4. Support staff
5. Technostructure (Analysts)
Organizations: Key players:
1. Operators:
- Deliver the services or produce the products
2. Analysts:
- Work to control and adapt organizational activities via planning,
scheduling, measuring
3. Support staff:
, - These people indirectly support the operator such as cleaners and the HR
department.
- People who are indirectly related to the operations
4. Managers:
- Team Leaders to CEO
- Middle, lower level and high level (C-suite) management
5. Culture:
- Internal. Provides a common frame
of reference for all players, belief
system
- Example: Start-up: innovation/new
ideas. Factory: Follow the manual
6. Influences:
- External stakeholders that attempt
to influence the organization.
- Example: External stakeholders
such as ministry of health in
healthcare organizations. In
healthcare there are a big number of external influencers. Another
example is The government: rules on work hours
Knowing about and utilizing your key players can help organization perform successfully
- Innovation is very low currently in healthcare organizations
- Especially in health care this can be overlooked
- Entrepreneurship: great ideas can come from operators, but no one notices.
Main aspects of organization is:
1. The Division of Labor:
Dictated by the mission of the organization
- Example: restaurants: requires cooks, wait staff, bartenders,
busboys, dishwashers, hostesses
- Every player knows what to do, their individual role. More
division of labor requires more specialization which is complex to
do.
- Putting parts and players together to produce a seamless
experience for the customer requires coordination
, - Division of labor → Depends on differentiation or specialization “Who does
what”
2. Coordination:
- Coordination = making sure that the different people and their tasks come
together
Coordination mechanisms:
- There are different ways of coordination, known as coordinating mechanisms:
1. Mutual adjustments:
- Informal communication
- E.g: Two people in a canoe coordinating their movements. Both
have equal say of where to go and how fast.
2. Direct supervision:
- One person on the top decides what others do
- One individual oversees and is responsible for work of others
- E.g: a coach telling players what to do
3. Standardization:
- Of work: Specifying process and rules defined in a manual that
people have to follow. Focused on process E.g: Flight mechanics
- Of skills: through training and specification. According to your
medical degree and training you have a standard way of working.
Focused on process
- Of outputs: focused on outputs and performance. Setting goals and
reaching them. The workers decide how to achieve the goal but
management decides what the goal is. E.g: Providing employees
with a weekly goal
- Of Norms: Embedding shared beliefs to support functioning. E.g.
Lawyers at top firms working excessive hours.
