Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
n n n
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
n n n n n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Anstudentnisnobservingnancellnundernthenmicroscope.nItnisnobservedntonhavensupercoilednDNAn
withnhistones.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnwouldnalsonbenobservednbynthenstudent?
a. Ansinglencircularnchromosome
b. Annucleus
c. Free-floatingnnuclearnmaterial
d. Nonorganelles
ANS:n B
Thencellndescribednisnaneukaryoticncell,nsonitnhasnhistonesnandnansupercoilednDNAnwithinnitsnn
ucleus;nthus,nthennucleusnshouldnbenobserved.nAnsinglencircularnchromosomencallednanprokar
yotencontainsnfree-floatingnnuclearnmaterialnbutnhasnnonorganelles.
REF:n p.n2
2. Annursenisninstructingnthenstaffnaboutncellularnfunctions.nWhichncellularnfunctionnisnthennursend
escribingnwhennannisolatedncellnabsorbsnoxygennandnusesnitntontransformnnutrientsntonenergy?
a. Metabolicnabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:n D
Thencell’snabilityntonabsorbnoxygennisnreferredntonasnrespirationnwhilenitsncommunicationnabilityni
nvolvesnmaintenancenofnansteadyndynamicnstate,nmetabolicnabsorptionnprovidesnnutrition,nandnse
cretionnallowsnfornthensynthesizingnofnnewnsubstances.
REF:n p.n2
3. AneukaryoticncellnisnundergoingnDNAnreplication.nInnwhichnregionnofnthencellnwouldnmostnofnt
hengeneticninformationnbencontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusnCytoplasm
ANS:n C
Thenregionnofnthencellnthatncontainsngeneticnmaterial,nincludingnanlargenamountnofnribonucleicna
cid,nmostnofnthenDNA,nandnDNA-
bindingnproteins,nisnthennucleolus,nwhichnisnlocatednwithinnthencell’snnucleus.nMitochondrianisn
associatednwithncellularnrespiration,nwhilenribosomesnareninvolvednwithnproteinnmanufacturin
g.nCytoplasmnisnanfluidnfillingnthatnisnancomponentnofnthencell.
REF:n p.n2
,4. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannremovenproteinsnattachedntonthencell’snbilayernbyndissolvingnthenl
ayernitself?
a. Peripheralnmembranenproteins
b. Integralnmembranenproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellnadhesionnmolecules
ANS:n B
Proteinsndirectlynattachedntonthenmembranenbilayerncannbenremovednbynthenactionnofnintegralnme
mbranenproteinsnthatndissolventhenbilayer.nPeripheralnmembranenproteinsnresidenatnthensurfacen
whilencellnadhesionnmoleculesnarenonnthenoutsidenofnthenmembrane.nGlycoproteinnmarksncellsna
ndndoesnnotn float.
REF:n p.n7
5. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannbindntonplasmanmembranenreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicnlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:n D
Ligandsnarenthenonlynspecificnmoleculesnthatncannbindnwithnreceptorsnonnthencellnmembrane.
REF:n p.n9
6. Annursenisnreviewingnanreportnfromnanpatientnwithnmetastaticncancer.nWhatnalternationninntheen
xtracellularnmatrixnwouldnsuN RrtnS
ppoU InN
nth G
iagnBo.
endnT siC
snofM
metastaticncancer?
a. Decreasednfibronectin
b. Increasedncollagen
c. Decreasednelastin
d. Increasednglycoproteins
ANS:n A
Onlynanreducednamountnofnfibronectinnisnfoundninnsomentypesnofncancerousncells,nallowingnt
hemntontravelnornmetastasize.
REF:n p.n10
7. Whichnformnofncellncommunicationnisnusedntonrelatentonotherncellsninndirectnphysicalncontact?
a. Cellnjunction
b. Gapnjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightnjunction
ANS:n A
Cellnjunctionsnholdncellsntogethernandnpermitnmoleculesntonpassnfromncellntoncell.
Gapnjunctionsnallownforncellularncommunicationnbetweenncells.nNeitherndesmosomesnnorntightnj
unctionsnarenassociatednwithncellularncommunication.
REF:n p.n11
,8. Pancreaticnbetancellsnsecreteninsulin,nwhichninhibitsnsecretionnofnglucagonnfromnneighboringna
lphancells.nThisnactionnisnannexamplenofnwhichnofnthenfollowingnsignalingntypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:n A
Paracrinensignalingninvolvesnthenreleasenofnlocalnchemicalnmediatorsnthatnarenquicklyntakennup,nd
estroyed,nornimmobilized,nasninnthencasenofninsulinnandntheninhibitionnofnthensecretionnofnglucago
n.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsninvolvensignalingnthatnisnassociatednwithnanlocalnchemicalnmediatorn
likeninsulin.
REF:n p.n12
9. Inncellularnmetabolism,neachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynforna:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:n B
Eachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynfornansubstrate,nanspecificnsubstancenconvertedntonanproductnofnt
henreaction.nCellularnmetabolismnisnnotndependentnonnannattractionnbetweennannenzymenandnanyn
ofnthenremainingnoptions.
REF:n p.n16
, Annathletenrunsnanmarathon,nafternwhichnhisnmusclesnfeelnfatiguednandn
unablentoncontract.nThenathletenasksnthennursenwhynthisnhappened.nThenn
urse’snresponsenisnbasednonnthenknowledgenthatnthenproblemnisnresultnofn
andeficiencynof:
e. GTP
f. AMP
g. ATP
h. GMP
ANS:n C
WhennATPnisndeficient,nimpairednmusclencontractionnresults.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsnareni
nvolvedninnmusclencontraction.
REF:n p.n16
10. WhichnphasenofncatabolismnproducesnthenmostnATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricnacidncycle
ANS:n D
WhilensomenATPnisnproducednduringnthenoxidationnandnglycolysisnphases,nmostnofnthenATPnisng
eneratednduringnthencitricnacidncycle.nDigestionndoesnnotnproducenanynATP.
n n n
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
n n n n n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Anstudentnisnobservingnancellnundernthenmicroscope.nItnisnobservedntonhavensupercoilednDNAn
withnhistones.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnwouldnalsonbenobservednbynthenstudent?
a. Ansinglencircularnchromosome
b. Annucleus
c. Free-floatingnnuclearnmaterial
d. Nonorganelles
ANS:n B
Thencellndescribednisnaneukaryoticncell,nsonitnhasnhistonesnandnansupercoilednDNAnwithinnitsnn
ucleus;nthus,nthennucleusnshouldnbenobserved.nAnsinglencircularnchromosomencallednanprokar
yotencontainsnfree-floatingnnuclearnmaterialnbutnhasnnonorganelles.
REF:n p.n2
2. Annursenisninstructingnthenstaffnaboutncellularnfunctions.nWhichncellularnfunctionnisnthennursend
escribingnwhennannisolatedncellnabsorbsnoxygennandnusesnitntontransformnnutrientsntonenergy?
a. Metabolicnabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:n D
Thencell’snabilityntonabsorbnoxygennisnreferredntonasnrespirationnwhilenitsncommunicationnabilityni
nvolvesnmaintenancenofnansteadyndynamicnstate,nmetabolicnabsorptionnprovidesnnutrition,nandnse
cretionnallowsnfornthensynthesizingnofnnewnsubstances.
REF:n p.n2
3. AneukaryoticncellnisnundergoingnDNAnreplication.nInnwhichnregionnofnthencellnwouldnmostnofnt
hengeneticninformationnbencontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusnCytoplasm
ANS:n C
Thenregionnofnthencellnthatncontainsngeneticnmaterial,nincludingnanlargenamountnofnribonucleicna
cid,nmostnofnthenDNA,nandnDNA-
bindingnproteins,nisnthennucleolus,nwhichnisnlocatednwithinnthencell’snnucleus.nMitochondrianisn
associatednwithncellularnrespiration,nwhilenribosomesnareninvolvednwithnproteinnmanufacturin
g.nCytoplasmnisnanfluidnfillingnthatnisnancomponentnofnthencell.
REF:n p.n2
,4. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannremovenproteinsnattachedntonthencell’snbilayernbyndissolvingnthenl
ayernitself?
a. Peripheralnmembranenproteins
b. Integralnmembranenproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellnadhesionnmolecules
ANS:n B
Proteinsndirectlynattachedntonthenmembranenbilayerncannbenremovednbynthenactionnofnintegralnme
mbranenproteinsnthatndissolventhenbilayer.nPeripheralnmembranenproteinsnresidenatnthensurfacen
whilencellnadhesionnmoleculesnarenonnthenoutsidenofnthenmembrane.nGlycoproteinnmarksncellsna
ndndoesnnotn float.
REF:n p.n7
5. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannbindntonplasmanmembranenreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicnlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:n D
Ligandsnarenthenonlynspecificnmoleculesnthatncannbindnwithnreceptorsnonnthencellnmembrane.
REF:n p.n9
6. Annursenisnreviewingnanreportnfromnanpatientnwithnmetastaticncancer.nWhatnalternationninntheen
xtracellularnmatrixnwouldnsuN RrtnS
ppoU InN
nth G
iagnBo.
endnT siC
snofM
metastaticncancer?
a. Decreasednfibronectin
b. Increasedncollagen
c. Decreasednelastin
d. Increasednglycoproteins
ANS:n A
Onlynanreducednamountnofnfibronectinnisnfoundninnsomentypesnofncancerousncells,nallowingnt
hemntontravelnornmetastasize.
REF:n p.n10
7. Whichnformnofncellncommunicationnisnusedntonrelatentonotherncellsninndirectnphysicalncontact?
a. Cellnjunction
b. Gapnjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightnjunction
ANS:n A
Cellnjunctionsnholdncellsntogethernandnpermitnmoleculesntonpassnfromncellntoncell.
Gapnjunctionsnallownforncellularncommunicationnbetweenncells.nNeitherndesmosomesnnorntightnj
unctionsnarenassociatednwithncellularncommunication.
REF:n p.n11
,8. Pancreaticnbetancellsnsecreteninsulin,nwhichninhibitsnsecretionnofnglucagonnfromnneighboringna
lphancells.nThisnactionnisnannexamplenofnwhichnofnthenfollowingnsignalingntypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:n A
Paracrinensignalingninvolvesnthenreleasenofnlocalnchemicalnmediatorsnthatnarenquicklyntakennup,nd
estroyed,nornimmobilized,nasninnthencasenofninsulinnandntheninhibitionnofnthensecretionnofnglucago
n.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsninvolvensignalingnthatnisnassociatednwithnanlocalnchemicalnmediatorn
likeninsulin.
REF:n p.n12
9. Inncellularnmetabolism,neachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynforna:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:n B
Eachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynfornansubstrate,nanspecificnsubstancenconvertedntonanproductnofnt
henreaction.nCellularnmetabolismnisnnotndependentnonnannattractionnbetweennannenzymenandnanyn
ofnthenremainingnoptions.
REF:n p.n16
, Annathletenrunsnanmarathon,nafternwhichnhisnmusclesnfeelnfatiguednandn
unablentoncontract.nThenathletenasksnthennursenwhynthisnhappened.nThenn
urse’snresponsenisnbasednonnthenknowledgenthatnthenproblemnisnresultnofn
andeficiencynof:
e. GTP
f. AMP
g. ATP
h. GMP
ANS:n C
WhennATPnisndeficient,nimpairednmusclencontractionnresults.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsnareni
nvolvedninnmusclencontraction.
REF:n p.n16
10. WhichnphasenofncatabolismnproducesnthenmostnATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricnacidncycle
ANS:n D
WhilensomenATPnisnproducednduringnthenoxidationnandnglycolysisnphases,nmostnofnthenATPnisng
eneratednduringnthencitricnacidncycle.nDigestionndoesnnotnproducenanynATP.
