WGU D236 pathophysiology
v v v
OA Questions and Answers C
v v v v
omplete Guide
v
, GRADED A+ v
Questions and Answers Graded A+
v v v v
WhatvisvStarling'svLawvofvCapillaryvforces?
Howvdoesvthisvexplainvwhyvavnutritionallyvdeficientvchildvwouldvhavevedema?
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☑️☑️Starling'svLawvdescribesvhowvfluidsvmovevacrossvthevcapillaryvmembrane.vTherevarevtwovmaj
orvopposingvforcesvthatvactvtovbalanceveachvother,vhydrostaticvpressurev(pushingvwatervoutvofvthevcapil
laries)vandvosmoticvpressurev(includingvonconticvpressure,vwhichvpushesvfluidvintovthevcapillaries).
Bothvelectrolytesvandvproteinsv(onconticvpressure)vinvthevbloodvaffectvosmoticvpressure,vhighvelectrolyt
evandvproteinvconcentrationsvinvthevbloodvwouldvcausevwatervtovleavevthevcellsvandvinterstitialvspacevand
v entervthevbloodvstreamvtovdilutevthevhighvconcentrations.
On,vthevothervhand,vlowvelectrolytevandvproteinvconcentrationsv(asvseenvinvavnutritionallyvdeficientvchild)v
wouldvcausevwatervtovleavevthevcapillariesvandventervthevcellsvandvinterstitialvfluidvwhichvcanvleadvtovede
ma.
HowvdoesvthevRAASv(Renin-Angiotensin-
AldosteronevSystem)vresultvinvincreasedvbloodvvolumevandvincreasedvbloodvpressure?
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☑️☑️Avdropvinvbloodvpressurevisvsensedvbyvthevkidneysvbyvlowvperfusion,vwhichvinvturnvbeginsvtovsecr
etevrenin.
,
, Reninvthenvtriggersvthevlivervtovproducevangiotensinogen,vwhichvisvconvertedvtovAngiotensinvIvinvthevlungsv
andvthenvangiotensinvIIvbyvthevenzyme
Angiotensin-
convertingvenzymev(ACE).vAngiotensinvIIvstimulatesvperipheralvarterialvvasoconstrictionvwhichvraisesvBP.
AngiotensinvIIvisvalsovstimulatingvthevadrenalvglandvtovreleasevaldosterone,vwhichvactsvtovincreasevsodiumv
andvwatervreabsorptionvincreasingvbloodvvolume,vwhilevalsovincreasedvpotassiumvsecretionvinvurine.
Howvcanvhyperkalemiavleadvtovcardiacvarrest?
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v ☑️☑️Normalvlevelsvofvpotassiumvarevbetweenv3.5vandv5.2vmEq/dL.vHyperkalemiavrefersvtovpota
ssiumvlevelsvhighervthatv5.2vmEq/dL.
Avmajorvfunctionvofvpotassiumvisvtovconductvnervevimpulsesvinvmuscles.vToovlowvandvmusclevweaknessvoccursv
andvtoovmuchvcanvcausevmusclevspasms.
Thisvisvespeciallyvdangerousvinvthevheartvmusclevandvanvirregularvheartbeatvcanvcausevavheartvattack
v v v
OA Questions and Answers C
v v v v
omplete Guide
v
, GRADED A+ v
Questions and Answers Graded A+
v v v v
WhatvisvStarling'svLawvofvCapillaryvforces?
Howvdoesvthisvexplainvwhyvavnutritionallyvdeficientvchildvwouldvhavevedema?
-
☑️☑️Starling'svLawvdescribesvhowvfluidsvmovevacrossvthevcapillaryvmembrane.vTherevarevtwovmaj
orvopposingvforcesvthatvactvtovbalanceveachvother,vhydrostaticvpressurev(pushingvwatervoutvofvthevcapil
laries)vandvosmoticvpressurev(includingvonconticvpressure,vwhichvpushesvfluidvintovthevcapillaries).
Bothvelectrolytesvandvproteinsv(onconticvpressure)vinvthevbloodvaffectvosmoticvpressure,vhighvelectrolyt
evandvproteinvconcentrationsvinvthevbloodvwouldvcausevwatervtovleavevthevcellsvandvinterstitialvspacevand
v entervthevbloodvstreamvtovdilutevthevhighvconcentrations.
On,vthevothervhand,vlowvelectrolytevandvproteinvconcentrationsv(asvseenvinvavnutritionallyvdeficientvchild)v
wouldvcausevwatervtovleavevthevcapillariesvandventervthevcellsvandvinterstitialvfluidvwhichvcanvleadvtovede
ma.
HowvdoesvthevRAASv(Renin-Angiotensin-
AldosteronevSystem)vresultvinvincreasedvbloodvvolumevandvincreasedvbloodvpressure?
-
☑️☑️Avdropvinvbloodvpressurevisvsensedvbyvthevkidneysvbyvlowvperfusion,vwhichvinvturnvbeginsvtovsecr
etevrenin.
,
, Reninvthenvtriggersvthevlivervtovproducevangiotensinogen,vwhichvisvconvertedvtovAngiotensinvIvinvthevlungsv
andvthenvangiotensinvIIvbyvthevenzyme
Angiotensin-
convertingvenzymev(ACE).vAngiotensinvIIvstimulatesvperipheralvarterialvvasoconstrictionvwhichvraisesvBP.
AngiotensinvIIvisvalsovstimulatingvthevadrenalvglandvtovreleasevaldosterone,vwhichvactsvtovincreasevsodiumv
andvwatervreabsorptionvincreasingvbloodvvolume,vwhilevalsovincreasedvpotassiumvsecretionvinvurine.
Howvcanvhyperkalemiavleadvtovcardiacvarrest?
-
v ☑️☑️Normalvlevelsvofvpotassiumvarevbetweenv3.5vandv5.2vmEq/dL.vHyperkalemiavrefersvtovpota
ssiumvlevelsvhighervthatv5.2vmEq/dL.
Avmajorvfunctionvofvpotassiumvisvtovconductvnervevimpulsesvinvmuscles.vToovlowvandvmusclevweaknessvoccursv
andvtoovmuchvcanvcausevmusclevspasms.
Thisvisvespeciallyvdangerousvinvthevheartvmusclevandvanvirregularvheartbeatvcanvcausevavheartvattack
