Resources -
Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is
technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as
‘Resource’
The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interactive
relationship between nature, technology and institutions. Human beings interact with nature
through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.
Classification of Resources -
Classification of Resources
Resources can be classified in the following ways:
(a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international
(d) On the basis of the status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves
1) On the basis of Origin -
(a) On the Basis of Origin – Biotic and Abiotic
Biotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere and have life.
Eg: Human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic
resources.
Eg: rocks and metals, air water mountains etc.
, (a) On the Basis of – exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable
Renewable Resources-The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemica
or mechanical processes are known as Renewable or Replenishable Resources. The renewable
resource may further be divided into continuous or flow.
Eg: Solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.
Non-Renewable Resources occur over a very long geological time. These resources take million
of years in their formation. Some of the resources, like metals, are recyclable and some, like
fossil fuels, cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.
Eg: Minerals and fossil fuels.
On the Basis of Ownership – Individual, Community, National and International
Individual Resources are owned privately by individuals. In villages, people own lands, whereas
in urban areas, people own plots, houses and other properties.
Eg: Plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in wells etc.
Community Owned Resources are accessible to all the members of the community.
Eg: Grazing grounds, burial grounds, public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds etc.
National Resources are owned by a nation or country. All the minerals, water resources,
forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles
(22.2 km) from the coast are termed territorial water, and resources therein belong to the
nation.
Eg: Roads, canals, railways etc.
International Resources are regulated by international institutions. The oceanic resources
beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no
individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.
, 1nautical miles=1.852Km
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12 Nm Exclusive economic zone
200 Nm
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An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a 200 nautical mile wide ocean area that extends from a
country's territorial sea. Within this zone, a country has the right to explore and exploit the
ocean's resources but not owned the water resources. Exclusive economic zone- an area of coast
water and seabed within a certain distance of a country's coastline, to which the country claims
exclusive rights for fishing, drilling, and other economic activities.
Resources from sea bed are ;
Manganese
Cobalt
Nickle
copper
Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is
technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as
‘Resource’
The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interactive
relationship between nature, technology and institutions. Human beings interact with nature
through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.
Classification of Resources -
Classification of Resources
Resources can be classified in the following ways:
(a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international
(d) On the basis of the status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves
1) On the basis of Origin -
(a) On the Basis of Origin – Biotic and Abiotic
Biotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere and have life.
Eg: Human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic
resources.
Eg: rocks and metals, air water mountains etc.
, (a) On the Basis of – exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable
Renewable Resources-The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemica
or mechanical processes are known as Renewable or Replenishable Resources. The renewable
resource may further be divided into continuous or flow.
Eg: Solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.
Non-Renewable Resources occur over a very long geological time. These resources take million
of years in their formation. Some of the resources, like metals, are recyclable and some, like
fossil fuels, cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.
Eg: Minerals and fossil fuels.
On the Basis of Ownership – Individual, Community, National and International
Individual Resources are owned privately by individuals. In villages, people own lands, whereas
in urban areas, people own plots, houses and other properties.
Eg: Plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in wells etc.
Community Owned Resources are accessible to all the members of the community.
Eg: Grazing grounds, burial grounds, public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds etc.
National Resources are owned by a nation or country. All the minerals, water resources,
forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles
(22.2 km) from the coast are termed territorial water, and resources therein belong to the
nation.
Eg: Roads, canals, railways etc.
International Resources are regulated by international institutions. The oceanic resources
beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no
individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.
, 1nautical miles=1.852Km
e
u rc
e so
a lR
i on
at
N
12 Nm Exclusive economic zone
200 Nm
e
u rc
e so
a lR
on
ti
r na
te
In
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a 200 nautical mile wide ocean area that extends from a
country's territorial sea. Within this zone, a country has the right to explore and exploit the
ocean's resources but not owned the water resources. Exclusive economic zone- an area of coast
water and seabed within a certain distance of a country's coastline, to which the country claims
exclusive rights for fishing, drilling, and other economic activities.
Resources from sea bed are ;
Manganese
Cobalt
Nickle
copper
