Biology B Final Review
Describe how cell reproduction contributes to repair and to growth - correct answer -cells divide in 2
ways, meiosis and mitosis, this creates new cells that get rid of the old and damaged ones
contrast the 2 main ways organisms reproduce - correct answer -mitosis: 1 round of division, daughter
cells are genetically the same
meiosis: 2 rounds of division, daughter cells arent genetically the same
describe the structure of a chromosome - correct answer -the centromere is in the middle of the "X" and
the tips of the "X" are identical chromatids
Stages of the cell cycle and description - correct answer -Interphase- G1: cell growth, S phase: DNA
replication, G2: preparation for mitosis
Cell division- M Phase: mitosis-cell division of nucleus, cytokinesis- division of cytoplasm
compare benign and malignant tumors - correct answer -benign- does not spread to other parts of the
body, it is not cancerous
malignant- cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue, cancerous
explain the purpose of meiosis - correct answer -to reduce the normal diploid cells and create haploid
cells
where in the body does meiosis take place? - correct answer -reproductive organs of the body
what is a diploid cell? haploid? - correct answer -diploid- has 2 sets of chromosomes
haploid- has half of the chromosomes that a cell usually has
what are homologous chromosomes? - correct answer -chromosomes that one set comes from the male
and one set comes from the female
, what are gametes? - correct answer -a sex cell
if the "n" number of a cell is 24, what would its diploid number be? - correct answer -48
phases of meiosis and mitosis - correct answer -mitosis:
prophase-dna condenses
metaphase- lines up at the center of the cell
anaphase- start to split and move to opposite sides of the cell
telophase- a nuclear envelope starts to separate and then goes through cytokinesis and makes its own
daughter cells
Meiosis:
prophase 1-chrmosomes pair with corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad
metaphase 1-spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes
anaphase 1-fibers pull homologous chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell
telophase 1 and cytokinesis- nuclear membranes form. the cell separates into 2 cells
prophase 2- at the end of phase 1 it makes 2 haploid cells, it has half of the chromosomes than it first
had
metaphase 2- chromosomes line up
anaphase 2- chromatids start to move to opposite sides of the cell
telophase 2 and cytokinesis-results in 4 haploid cells
draw a picture of a tetrad - correct answer -
what is crossing over? when does it occur? - correct answer -homologous chromosomes overlap and
exchange chromatids so the offspring has it, it occurs during prophase 1
at what point do you first have haploid cells in meiosis? - correct answer -telophase 1
Describe how cell reproduction contributes to repair and to growth - correct answer -cells divide in 2
ways, meiosis and mitosis, this creates new cells that get rid of the old and damaged ones
contrast the 2 main ways organisms reproduce - correct answer -mitosis: 1 round of division, daughter
cells are genetically the same
meiosis: 2 rounds of division, daughter cells arent genetically the same
describe the structure of a chromosome - correct answer -the centromere is in the middle of the "X" and
the tips of the "X" are identical chromatids
Stages of the cell cycle and description - correct answer -Interphase- G1: cell growth, S phase: DNA
replication, G2: preparation for mitosis
Cell division- M Phase: mitosis-cell division of nucleus, cytokinesis- division of cytoplasm
compare benign and malignant tumors - correct answer -benign- does not spread to other parts of the
body, it is not cancerous
malignant- cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue, cancerous
explain the purpose of meiosis - correct answer -to reduce the normal diploid cells and create haploid
cells
where in the body does meiosis take place? - correct answer -reproductive organs of the body
what is a diploid cell? haploid? - correct answer -diploid- has 2 sets of chromosomes
haploid- has half of the chromosomes that a cell usually has
what are homologous chromosomes? - correct answer -chromosomes that one set comes from the male
and one set comes from the female
, what are gametes? - correct answer -a sex cell
if the "n" number of a cell is 24, what would its diploid number be? - correct answer -48
phases of meiosis and mitosis - correct answer -mitosis:
prophase-dna condenses
metaphase- lines up at the center of the cell
anaphase- start to split and move to opposite sides of the cell
telophase- a nuclear envelope starts to separate and then goes through cytokinesis and makes its own
daughter cells
Meiosis:
prophase 1-chrmosomes pair with corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad
metaphase 1-spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes
anaphase 1-fibers pull homologous chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell
telophase 1 and cytokinesis- nuclear membranes form. the cell separates into 2 cells
prophase 2- at the end of phase 1 it makes 2 haploid cells, it has half of the chromosomes than it first
had
metaphase 2- chromosomes line up
anaphase 2- chromatids start to move to opposite sides of the cell
telophase 2 and cytokinesis-results in 4 haploid cells
draw a picture of a tetrad - correct answer -
what is crossing over? when does it occur? - correct answer -homologous chromosomes overlap and
exchange chromatids so the offspring has it, it occurs during prophase 1
at what point do you first have haploid cells in meiosis? - correct answer -telophase 1
