,Table of Content
n n
Chaptern01:nCellularnBiology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chaptern02:nGenesnandnGeneticnDiseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chaptern03:nEpigeneticsnandnDisease ......................................................................................................................... 23
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chaptern04:nAlterednCellularnandnTissuenBiology ...................................................................................................... 27
Huethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n6thnEdition ......................................................................... 39
Chaptern06:nInnatenImmunity:nInflammationnandnWoundnHealingnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiol
ogy,n6thnEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Chaptern07:nAdaptivenImmunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
Chaptern08:nInfectionnandnDefectsninnMechanismsnofnDefensenHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology
,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chaptern09:nStressnandnDisease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chaptern10:nBiology,nClinicalnManifestations,nandnTreatmentnofnCancernHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathop
hysiology,n6thnEdition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Chaptern11:nCancernEpidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chaptern12:nCancerninnChildren ................................................................................................................................. 91
Chaptern13:nStructurenandnFunctionnofntheNeurologicnSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology
,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
Chaptern14:nPain,nTemperature,nSleep,nandnSensorynFunctionnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,
n6thnEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Chaptern15:nAlterationsninnCognitivenSystems,nCerebralnHemodynamics,nandnMotornFunction .............................. 116
Chaptern16:nDisordersnofntheCentralnandnPeripheralnNervousnSystemsnandntheNeuromuscularnJunction ................. 126
Chaptern17:nAlterationsnofnNeurologicnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n
6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 138
Chaptern18:nMechanismsnofnHormonalnRegulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chaptern19:nAlterationsnofnHormonalnRegulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chaptern20:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenHematologicnSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiolo
gy,n6thnEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 169
Chaptern21:nAlterationsnofnHematologicnFunction ................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chaptern22:nAlterationsnofnHematologicnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology
,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
Chaptern23:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenCardiovascularnandnLymphaticnSystemsnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstand
ingnPathophysiology,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................. 200
Chaptern24:nAlterationsnofnCardiovascularnFunction................................................................................................ 210
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chaptern25:nAlterationsnofnCardiovascularnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiolo
gy,n6thnEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 229
SnNnTnnn O....................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chaptern26:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenPulmonarynSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology
,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 236
Chaptern27:nAlterationsnofnPulmonarynFunction ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chaptern28:nAlterationsnofnPulmonarynFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n
6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 257
Chaptern29:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenRenalnandnUrologicnSystemsnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathop
hysiology,n6thnEdition .............................................................................................................................................. 265
Chaptern30:nAlterationsnofnRenalnandnUrinarynTractnFunctionnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,
n6thnEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 273
Chaptern31:nAlterationsnofnRenalnandnUrinarynTractnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPatho
physiology,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Chaptern32:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenReproductivenSystemsnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiol
ogy,n6thnEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 286
Chaptern33:nAlterationsnofnthenFemalenReproductivenSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n
6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 295
Chaptern34:nAlterationsnofnthenMalenReproductivenSystem ...................................................................................... 300
Chaptern35:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenDigestivenSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n
6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 305
Chaptern36:nAlterationsnofnDigestivenFunction......................................................................................................... 312
Chaptern37:nAlterationsnofnDigestivenFunctionninnChildren ...................................................................................... 325
Chaptern38:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenMusculoskeletalnSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysi
ology,n6thnEdition .................................................................................................................................................... 334
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chaptern39:nAlterationsnofnMusculoskeletalnFunction.............................................................................................. 342
Chaptern40:nAlterationsnofnMusculoskeletalnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiol
ogy,n6thnEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 352
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chaptern41:nStructure,nFunction,nandnDisordersnofnthenIntegumentnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysio
logy,n6thnEdition ...................................................................................................................................................... 357
Chaptern42:nAlterationsnofnthenIntegumentninnChildren ............................................................................................ 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
n n n
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
n n n n n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Anstudentnisnobservingnancellnundernthenmicroscope.nItnisnobservedntonhavensupercoilednDNAn
withnhistones.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnwouldnalsonbenobservednbynthenstudent?
a. Ansinglencircularnchromosome
b. Annucleus
c. Free-floatingnnuclearnmaterial
d. Nonorganelles
ANS:n B
Thencellndescribednisnaneukaryoticncell,nsonitnhasnhistonesnandnansupercoilednDNAnwithinnitsnn
ucleus;nthus,nthennucleusnshouldnbenobserved.nAnsinglencircularnchromosomencallednanprokar
yotencontainsnfree-floatingnnuclearnmaterialnbutnhasnnonorganelles.
REF:np.n2
2. Annursenisninstructingnthenstaffnaboutncellularnfunctions.nWhichncellularnfunctionnisnthennursend
escribingnwhennannisolatedncellnabsorbsnoxygennandnusesnitntontransformnnutrientsntonenergy?
a. Metabolicnabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:nD
Thencell’snabilityntonabsorbnoxygennisnreferredntonasnrespirationnwhilenitsncommunicationnabilityni
nvolvesnmaintenancenofnansteadyndynamicnstate,nmetabolicnabsorptionnprovidesnnutrition,nandnse
cretionnallowsnfornthensynthesizingnofnnewnsubstances.
REF:np.n2
3. AneukaryoticncellnisnundergoingnDNAnreplication.nInnwhichnregionnofnthencellnwouldnmostnofnt
hengeneticninformationnbencontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusnCytoplasm
ANS:nC
Thenregionnofnthencellnthatncontainsngeneticnmaterial,nincludingnanlargenamountnofnribonucleicna
cid,nmostnofnthenDNA,nandnDNA-
bindingnproteins,nisnthennucleolus,nwhichnisnlocatednwithinnthencell’snnucleus.nMitochondrianisn
associatednwithncellularnrespiration,nwhilenribosomesnareninvolvednwithnproteinnmanufacturin
g.nCytoplasmnisnanfluidnfillingnthatnisnancomponentnofnthencell.
REF:np.n2
n n
Chaptern01:nCellularnBiology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chaptern02:nGenesnandnGeneticnDiseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chaptern03:nEpigeneticsnandnDisease ......................................................................................................................... 23
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chaptern04:nAlterednCellularnandnTissuenBiology ...................................................................................................... 27
Huethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n6thnEdition ......................................................................... 39
Chaptern06:nInnatenImmunity:nInflammationnandnWoundnHealingnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiol
ogy,n6thnEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Chaptern07:nAdaptivenImmunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
Chaptern08:nInfectionnandnDefectsninnMechanismsnofnDefensenHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology
,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chaptern09:nStressnandnDisease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chaptern10:nBiology,nClinicalnManifestations,nandnTreatmentnofnCancernHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathop
hysiology,n6thnEdition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Chaptern11:nCancernEpidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chaptern12:nCancerninnChildren ................................................................................................................................. 91
Chaptern13:nStructurenandnFunctionnofntheNeurologicnSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology
,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
Chaptern14:nPain,nTemperature,nSleep,nandnSensorynFunctionnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,
n6thnEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Chaptern15:nAlterationsninnCognitivenSystems,nCerebralnHemodynamics,nandnMotornFunction .............................. 116
Chaptern16:nDisordersnofntheCentralnandnPeripheralnNervousnSystemsnandntheNeuromuscularnJunction ................. 126
Chaptern17:nAlterationsnofnNeurologicnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n
6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 138
Chaptern18:nMechanismsnofnHormonalnRegulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chaptern19:nAlterationsnofnHormonalnRegulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chaptern20:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenHematologicnSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiolo
gy,n6thnEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 169
Chaptern21:nAlterationsnofnHematologicnFunction ................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chaptern22:nAlterationsnofnHematologicnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology
,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
Chaptern23:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenCardiovascularnandnLymphaticnSystemsnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstand
ingnPathophysiology,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................. 200
Chaptern24:nAlterationsnofnCardiovascularnFunction................................................................................................ 210
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chaptern25:nAlterationsnofnCardiovascularnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiolo
gy,n6thnEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 229
SnNnTnnn O....................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chaptern26:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenPulmonarynSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology
,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 236
Chaptern27:nAlterationsnofnPulmonarynFunction ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chaptern28:nAlterationsnofnPulmonarynFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n
6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 257
Chaptern29:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenRenalnandnUrologicnSystemsnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathop
hysiology,n6thnEdition .............................................................................................................................................. 265
Chaptern30:nAlterationsnofnRenalnandnUrinarynTractnFunctionnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,
n6thnEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 273
Chaptern31:nAlterationsnofnRenalnandnUrinarynTractnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPatho
physiology,n6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Chaptern32:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenReproductivenSystemsnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiol
ogy,n6thnEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 286
Chaptern33:nAlterationsnofnthenFemalenReproductivenSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n
6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 295
Chaptern34:nAlterationsnofnthenMalenReproductivenSystem ...................................................................................... 300
Chaptern35:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenDigestivenSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n
6thnEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 305
Chaptern36:nAlterationsnofnDigestivenFunction......................................................................................................... 312
Chaptern37:nAlterationsnofnDigestivenFunctionninnChildren ...................................................................................... 325
Chaptern38:nStructurenandnFunctionnofnthenMusculoskeletalnSystemnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysi
ology,n6thnEdition .................................................................................................................................................... 334
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chaptern39:nAlterationsnofnMusculoskeletalnFunction.............................................................................................. 342
Chaptern40:nAlterationsnofnMusculoskeletalnFunctionninnChildrennHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysiol
ogy,n6thnEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 352
UnSNnT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chaptern41:nStructure,nFunction,nandnDisordersnofnthenIntegumentnHuethern&nMcCance:nUnderstandingnPathophysio
logy,n6thnEdition ...................................................................................................................................................... 357
Chaptern42:nAlterationsnofnthenIntegumentninnChildren ............................................................................................ 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
n n n
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
n n n n n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Anstudentnisnobservingnancellnundernthenmicroscope.nItnisnobservedntonhavensupercoilednDNAn
withnhistones.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnwouldnalsonbenobservednbynthenstudent?
a. Ansinglencircularnchromosome
b. Annucleus
c. Free-floatingnnuclearnmaterial
d. Nonorganelles
ANS:n B
Thencellndescribednisnaneukaryoticncell,nsonitnhasnhistonesnandnansupercoilednDNAnwithinnitsnn
ucleus;nthus,nthennucleusnshouldnbenobserved.nAnsinglencircularnchromosomencallednanprokar
yotencontainsnfree-floatingnnuclearnmaterialnbutnhasnnonorganelles.
REF:np.n2
2. Annursenisninstructingnthenstaffnaboutncellularnfunctions.nWhichncellularnfunctionnisnthennursend
escribingnwhennannisolatedncellnabsorbsnoxygennandnusesnitntontransformnnutrientsntonenergy?
a. Metabolicnabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:nD
Thencell’snabilityntonabsorbnoxygennisnreferredntonasnrespirationnwhilenitsncommunicationnabilityni
nvolvesnmaintenancenofnansteadyndynamicnstate,nmetabolicnabsorptionnprovidesnnutrition,nandnse
cretionnallowsnfornthensynthesizingnofnnewnsubstances.
REF:np.n2
3. AneukaryoticncellnisnundergoingnDNAnreplication.nInnwhichnregionnofnthencellnwouldnmostnofnt
hengeneticninformationnbencontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusnCytoplasm
ANS:nC
Thenregionnofnthencellnthatncontainsngeneticnmaterial,nincludingnanlargenamountnofnribonucleicna
cid,nmostnofnthenDNA,nandnDNA-
bindingnproteins,nisnthennucleolus,nwhichnisnlocatednwithinnthencell’snnucleus.nMitochondrianisn
associatednwithncellularnrespiration,nwhilenribosomesnareninvolvednwithnproteinnmanufacturin
g.nCytoplasmnisnanfluidnfillingnthatnisnancomponentnofnthencell.
REF:np.n2
