BIO 226: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I
1. Which of the following is the smallest unit of life?
A. Atom
B. Molecule
C. Cell
D. Tissue
Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. The level of organization immediately above cells is:
A. Organs
B. Tissues
C. Organ systems
D. Organisms
Answer: B
Rationale: Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
3. The process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells is known as:
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Binary fission
D. Cytokinesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitosis is the process of cell division used for growth and repair in somatic cells.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of epithelial tissue?
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,A. Abundant extracellular matrix
B. High regenerative capacity
C. Contains contractile proteins
D. Composed mainly of collagen fibers
Answer: B
Rationale: Epithelial tissue is known for its rapid regeneration and ability to form protective layers.
5. The primary function of connective tissue is to:
A. Cover and protect body surfaces
B. Facilitate movement
C. Provide support and structure
D. Transmit nerve impulses
Answer: C
Rationale: Connective tissue supports, binds together, and protects tissues and organs.
6. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy to the cell.
7. The structure that regulates the passage of substances into and out of a cell is the:
A. Cell wall
B. Cytoplasm
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,C. Plasma membrane
D. Nucleus
Answer: C
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and controls the movement of substances.
8. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
A. Selective permeability
B. Energy production
C. Signal reception
D. Cell-to-cell recognition
Answer: B
Rationale: Energy production is carried out by mitochondria, not by the cell membrane.
9. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Answer: B
Rationale: The S phase is when DNA is replicated to prepare for cell division.
10. The genetic material of a cell is primarily found in the:
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosomes
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, Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus houses the cell’s DNA, which contains the genetic instructions.
11. An enzyme is best described as:
A. A type of hormone
B. A catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions
C. A structural protein
D. A lipid molecule
Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes act as catalysts to accelerate biochemical reactions without being consumed.
12. The main function of ribosomes is to:
A. Replicate DNA
B. Synthesize proteins
C. Metabolize lipids
D. Generate ATP
Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
13. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines internal cavities?
A. Nervous tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Connective tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
Answer: D
Rationale: Epithelial tissue forms continuous sheets that protect surfaces and line cavities.
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1. Which of the following is the smallest unit of life?
A. Atom
B. Molecule
C. Cell
D. Tissue
Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. The level of organization immediately above cells is:
A. Organs
B. Tissues
C. Organ systems
D. Organisms
Answer: B
Rationale: Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
3. The process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells is known as:
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Binary fission
D. Cytokinesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitosis is the process of cell division used for growth and repair in somatic cells.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of epithelial tissue?
Page 1 of 48
,A. Abundant extracellular matrix
B. High regenerative capacity
C. Contains contractile proteins
D. Composed mainly of collagen fibers
Answer: B
Rationale: Epithelial tissue is known for its rapid regeneration and ability to form protective layers.
5. The primary function of connective tissue is to:
A. Cover and protect body surfaces
B. Facilitate movement
C. Provide support and structure
D. Transmit nerve impulses
Answer: C
Rationale: Connective tissue supports, binds together, and protects tissues and organs.
6. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy to the cell.
7. The structure that regulates the passage of substances into and out of a cell is the:
A. Cell wall
B. Cytoplasm
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,C. Plasma membrane
D. Nucleus
Answer: C
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and controls the movement of substances.
8. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
A. Selective permeability
B. Energy production
C. Signal reception
D. Cell-to-cell recognition
Answer: B
Rationale: Energy production is carried out by mitochondria, not by the cell membrane.
9. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Answer: B
Rationale: The S phase is when DNA is replicated to prepare for cell division.
10. The genetic material of a cell is primarily found in the:
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosomes
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, Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus houses the cell’s DNA, which contains the genetic instructions.
11. An enzyme is best described as:
A. A type of hormone
B. A catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions
C. A structural protein
D. A lipid molecule
Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes act as catalysts to accelerate biochemical reactions without being consumed.
12. The main function of ribosomes is to:
A. Replicate DNA
B. Synthesize proteins
C. Metabolize lipids
D. Generate ATP
Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
13. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines internal cavities?
A. Nervous tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Connective tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
Answer: D
Rationale: Epithelial tissue forms continuous sheets that protect surfaces and line cavities.
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