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MCB 150 Exam Questions and answers
2025
what is gastrulation - ANS✓✓-organized in to three layers
what is organogenesis - ANS✓✓-generating of organs
what are the developmental process after the formation of embryo - ANS✓✓-
blastula =>gastrula=> organogenesis
define embryo - ANS✓✓-embryo produces all the cell type
blastula - ANS✓✓-axis formation
gastrulation - ANS✓✓-formation of three layers
organogenesis - ANS✓✓-the birth of functional cells or tissue
what are the stages of cell commitment to particular fate. - ANS✓✓-
specification ,determination and differentiation
define specification - ANS✓✓--first stage, capable of differentiation
autonomously and neutral to the environment ,cell commitment reversible
determinator - ANS✓✓-irreversible ,differentiate when in non neutral
environment
differentiation - ANS✓✓-unspecialized cell becomes specialized into functional
cell.
what is forward genetics screening - ANS✓✓-you identify the mutation or
phenotype and then the gene
what is epigenesis - ANS✓✓-everything is made from scratch or de nova
during embryogenesis , heart generated by cellular movement and fertilization
of the egg
, what does fertilization does and what is happening during fertilization - ANS✓
✓ -it activates the development of zygote,during fertilization a very rapid cell
devision is happening
what is gastrulation - ANS✓✓-this is the movement of cell from outside to
inside to form the three layers of ectoderm,mesoderm and endoderm.
What is fate map - ANS✓✓-determine location of embryonic region that latter
do specific job
what are the fives steps in egg-sperm interaction - ANS✓✓-chemoattraction,
induction of acrosome, sperm bind to egg envelope, sperm passage across the
egg envelope and finally gamete fusion
define maternal to zygotic transition - ANS✓✓-
describe the evidence that early
development proceeds solely on maternally provided gene product. - ANS✓✓-
epigenesis - ANS✓✓-the structure of the body comes from de novo during
embryogenesis ,everything comes from scratch
lex.1) Explain the concept that embryonic cell become progressively more
committed to a
particular differentiated cell fate during development - ANS✓✓-embryonic parts
develop from tissues that have no adult counterpart, such as the heart, which
forms from two populations of cells that fuse to form a tube, and then loop to
form a heart in which chambers and valves then for. the concept also could be
everything starts from scratch to make differentiated cell fate., also called de
nova during. in sense they were not preformed embryo but the embryonic cell
become progressively more committed to a particular differentiated cell fate.
2. Explain the differences between cell specification, cell determination and cell
differentiation - ANS✓✓-the cell or tissue is capable of differentiating
autonomously (i.e. by itself) when placed in an environment that is neutral with
respect to the developmental pathway irreversible, stage of cell or tissue
commitment in which the cell or tissue is capable of differentiation
autonomously even when placed into a non-neutral environment.
The process by which an unspecialized cell becomes
specialized into one of many cell types that make up the body
3,Explain how Gurdon's experimental results suported the "genomic
equivalence"
hypothesis - ANS✓✓-The theory that all cells of an organism contain an
equivalent complement of genetic information. Genomic equivalence has been
confirmed for most cells,John Gurdon's nuclear transplantation experiments in
frogs - differentiated intestinal epithelial cells can be reprogrammed in an
MCB 150 Exam Questions and answers
2025
what is gastrulation - ANS✓✓-organized in to three layers
what is organogenesis - ANS✓✓-generating of organs
what are the developmental process after the formation of embryo - ANS✓✓-
blastula =>gastrula=> organogenesis
define embryo - ANS✓✓-embryo produces all the cell type
blastula - ANS✓✓-axis formation
gastrulation - ANS✓✓-formation of three layers
organogenesis - ANS✓✓-the birth of functional cells or tissue
what are the stages of cell commitment to particular fate. - ANS✓✓-
specification ,determination and differentiation
define specification - ANS✓✓--first stage, capable of differentiation
autonomously and neutral to the environment ,cell commitment reversible
determinator - ANS✓✓-irreversible ,differentiate when in non neutral
environment
differentiation - ANS✓✓-unspecialized cell becomes specialized into functional
cell.
what is forward genetics screening - ANS✓✓-you identify the mutation or
phenotype and then the gene
what is epigenesis - ANS✓✓-everything is made from scratch or de nova
during embryogenesis , heart generated by cellular movement and fertilization
of the egg
, what does fertilization does and what is happening during fertilization - ANS✓
✓ -it activates the development of zygote,during fertilization a very rapid cell
devision is happening
what is gastrulation - ANS✓✓-this is the movement of cell from outside to
inside to form the three layers of ectoderm,mesoderm and endoderm.
What is fate map - ANS✓✓-determine location of embryonic region that latter
do specific job
what are the fives steps in egg-sperm interaction - ANS✓✓-chemoattraction,
induction of acrosome, sperm bind to egg envelope, sperm passage across the
egg envelope and finally gamete fusion
define maternal to zygotic transition - ANS✓✓-
describe the evidence that early
development proceeds solely on maternally provided gene product. - ANS✓✓-
epigenesis - ANS✓✓-the structure of the body comes from de novo during
embryogenesis ,everything comes from scratch
lex.1) Explain the concept that embryonic cell become progressively more
committed to a
particular differentiated cell fate during development - ANS✓✓-embryonic parts
develop from tissues that have no adult counterpart, such as the heart, which
forms from two populations of cells that fuse to form a tube, and then loop to
form a heart in which chambers and valves then for. the concept also could be
everything starts from scratch to make differentiated cell fate., also called de
nova during. in sense they were not preformed embryo but the embryonic cell
become progressively more committed to a particular differentiated cell fate.
2. Explain the differences between cell specification, cell determination and cell
differentiation - ANS✓✓-the cell or tissue is capable of differentiating
autonomously (i.e. by itself) when placed in an environment that is neutral with
respect to the developmental pathway irreversible, stage of cell or tissue
commitment in which the cell or tissue is capable of differentiation
autonomously even when placed into a non-neutral environment.
The process by which an unspecialized cell becomes
specialized into one of many cell types that make up the body
3,Explain how Gurdon's experimental results suported the "genomic
equivalence"
hypothesis - ANS✓✓-The theory that all cells of an organism contain an
equivalent complement of genetic information. Genomic equivalence has been
confirmed for most cells,John Gurdon's nuclear transplantation experiments in
frogs - differentiated intestinal epithelial cells can be reprogrammed in an
