PALS 2020 SHOCK EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Shock - CORRECT ANSWERS Shock is defined as a physiologic state characterized by
inadequate tissue perfusion to meet metabolic demand and tissue oxygenation.
metabolic demand - CORRECT ANSWERS what cardiac output is normally equal to
How can shock be characterized? - CORRECT ANSWERS By inadequate peripheral and end
organ perfusion. Also it can be characterized by low cardiac output and decreased level of
consciousness.
What types of shock can cause a high cardiac output? - CORRECT ANSWERS Shock thats
caused by sepsis or anaphylaxis cardiac out put can be high
All types of shock can do what to organs? - CORRECT ANSWERS Can result in impared
function of vital organs such as the brain (Decreased level of consciousness) and kidneys
( Low urine output and ineffective filtering)
What will occur if adequate o2 delivery to the tissues is not maintained? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Organ dysfunction
What are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Delivers oxygen to body tissues
Removes metabolic by products of cellular metabolism
Tissue hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS This is present when a region of the body or an organ
is deprived of adequate O2 supply.
What does cardiac output determine and vascular resistance determine? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Determines adequate blood flow to the tissues
,PALS 2020 SHOCK EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWERS The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
is the product of stroke volume and heart rate
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate
Stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS The volume of blood pumped by the ventricles with
each contraction
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate - CORRECT ANSWERS According to this formula
if the heart rate decreases, stroke volume must increase commensurately to maintain the
cardiac output.
How can cardiac output increase? - CORRECT ANSWERS By an increase in heart rate, in
stroke volume or both
What are the limits of increased cardia output produced by increasing heart rate? - CORRECT
ANSWERS If the rate is too fast, as can happen with tachyarrhythmias, stroke volume can
fall bc there is inadequate time to fill the heart.
As shock develops, compensatory mechanisms attempt to? - CORRECT ANSWERS Attempt
to maintain O2 delivery to vital organs
vasoconstriction - CORRECT ANSWERS the constriction of blood vessels, which increases
blood pressure.
Name the compensatory mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWERS Tachycardia
Increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (vasoconstriction)
, PALS 2020 SHOCK EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Increased strength of cardiac contraction (Contractility)
Increase in venous smooth muscle tone
The body's first action to maintain cardiac output is to? - CORRECT ANSWERS Is to increase
heart rate, or tachycardia, which can increase cardiac output to a limited degree
When O2 delivery to the tissues is compromised what happens? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Blood flow is redirected or shunted from nonvital organs and tissues ( like skin, skeletal
muscles, gut, kidneys) to vital organs like brain, heart
What is another mechanism to maintain stroke volume and cardiac output? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Is increased strength of cardiac contractions, or contractility, with more complete
emptying of the ventricles
What else can support stroke volume? - CORRECT ANSWERS Can be supported by increased
venous smooth muscle tone, improving venous return to the heart and preload
How is blood pressure determined - CORRECT ANSWERS product of Cardiac output and
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
As cardiac output decreases blood pressure is maintained by? - CORRECT ANSWERS By an
increase in SVR
pulse pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS The difference between the systolic and diastolic
blood pressure often narrows bc increased SVR raises the diastolic pressure.
ANSWERS 2024/2025 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Shock - CORRECT ANSWERS Shock is defined as a physiologic state characterized by
inadequate tissue perfusion to meet metabolic demand and tissue oxygenation.
metabolic demand - CORRECT ANSWERS what cardiac output is normally equal to
How can shock be characterized? - CORRECT ANSWERS By inadequate peripheral and end
organ perfusion. Also it can be characterized by low cardiac output and decreased level of
consciousness.
What types of shock can cause a high cardiac output? - CORRECT ANSWERS Shock thats
caused by sepsis or anaphylaxis cardiac out put can be high
All types of shock can do what to organs? - CORRECT ANSWERS Can result in impared
function of vital organs such as the brain (Decreased level of consciousness) and kidneys
( Low urine output and ineffective filtering)
What will occur if adequate o2 delivery to the tissues is not maintained? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Organ dysfunction
What are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Delivers oxygen to body tissues
Removes metabolic by products of cellular metabolism
Tissue hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS This is present when a region of the body or an organ
is deprived of adequate O2 supply.
What does cardiac output determine and vascular resistance determine? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Determines adequate blood flow to the tissues
,PALS 2020 SHOCK EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWERS The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
is the product of stroke volume and heart rate
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate
Stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS The volume of blood pumped by the ventricles with
each contraction
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate - CORRECT ANSWERS According to this formula
if the heart rate decreases, stroke volume must increase commensurately to maintain the
cardiac output.
How can cardiac output increase? - CORRECT ANSWERS By an increase in heart rate, in
stroke volume or both
What are the limits of increased cardia output produced by increasing heart rate? - CORRECT
ANSWERS If the rate is too fast, as can happen with tachyarrhythmias, stroke volume can
fall bc there is inadequate time to fill the heart.
As shock develops, compensatory mechanisms attempt to? - CORRECT ANSWERS Attempt
to maintain O2 delivery to vital organs
vasoconstriction - CORRECT ANSWERS the constriction of blood vessels, which increases
blood pressure.
Name the compensatory mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWERS Tachycardia
Increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (vasoconstriction)
, PALS 2020 SHOCK EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Increased strength of cardiac contraction (Contractility)
Increase in venous smooth muscle tone
The body's first action to maintain cardiac output is to? - CORRECT ANSWERS Is to increase
heart rate, or tachycardia, which can increase cardiac output to a limited degree
When O2 delivery to the tissues is compromised what happens? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Blood flow is redirected or shunted from nonvital organs and tissues ( like skin, skeletal
muscles, gut, kidneys) to vital organs like brain, heart
What is another mechanism to maintain stroke volume and cardiac output? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Is increased strength of cardiac contractions, or contractility, with more complete
emptying of the ventricles
What else can support stroke volume? - CORRECT ANSWERS Can be supported by increased
venous smooth muscle tone, improving venous return to the heart and preload
How is blood pressure determined - CORRECT ANSWERS product of Cardiac output and
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
As cardiac output decreases blood pressure is maintained by? - CORRECT ANSWERS By an
increase in SVR
pulse pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS The difference between the systolic and diastolic
blood pressure often narrows bc increased SVR raises the diastolic pressure.
