Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition by Sue E. Huether (), 9780323639088, Chapter 1-44 All Chapters with Answers and Rationals

TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
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MULTIPLEnCHOICE

1. Anstudentnisnobservingnancellnundernthenmicroscope.nItnisnobserv
edntonhavensupercoilednDNAwithnhistones.nWhichnofnthenfollowi
ngnwouldnalson benobservednbynthenstudent?
a. Ansinglencircularnchromosome
b. Annucleus
c. Free-floatingnnuclearnmaterial
d. Nonorganelles
ANS:n B
Thencellndescribednisnaneukaryoticncell,nsonitnhasnhistonesnandnans
upercoiledn DNAnwithinn itsnucleus;nthus,n thennucleusnshouldnben
observed.nAnsinglencircularnchromosomencallednanprokaryotencon
tainsnfree-floatingnnuclearnmaterialnbutnhasnnonorganelles.

2. Annursenisninstructingnthenstaffnaboutncellularnfunctions.nWhichncellularnfunctionnisnthennursend
escribingnwhennannisolatedncellnabsorbsnoxygennandnusesnitntontransformnnutrientsntonenergy?
a. Metabolicnabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:n D
Thencell’snabilityntonabsorbnoxygennisnreferrednton asnrespirationnwhilenitsncommunicationnabilityninv
olvesnmaintenancenofnansteadNyndynamicn state,n metabolicnabsorptionnprovidesnnutrition,n andnsecretio
nnallowsnfornthensynthesizingn ofnnewnsubstances.

3. AneukaryoticncellnisnundergoingnDNAnreplication.n Innwhichnregionnofnthencellnwouldn mostnofnt
hengeneticn informationnbencontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleusncytoplasm

ANS:n C
Thenregionnofnthencellnthatncontainsngeneticnmaterial,nincludingnanlargenamountnofnribonucleicnaci
d,nmostnofnthenDNA,nandnDNA-
bindingnproteins,nisnthennucleolus,nwhichnisnlocatednwithinnthencell’snnucleus.nMitochondrianisnas
sociatednwithncellularnrespirationnwhilenribosomesnareninvolvednwithnproteinnmanufacturing.nCy
toplasmnisnanfluidnfillingnthatnisnancomponentnofnthencell.

4. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannremovenproteinsnattachedntonthencell’snbilayernbyndissolvingnthenl
ayern itself?
a. Peripheralnmembranenproteins
b. Integralnmembranenproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellnadhesionnmolecules

,TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER

ANS:n B
Proteinsndirectlynattachedntonthenmembranenbilayerncannbenremovednbynthenactionnofnintegralnme
mbranenproteinsnthatndissolventhenbilayer.nPeripheralnmembranenproteinsnresidenatnthensurfacenw
hilencellnadhesionnmoleculesnarenonnthenoutsidenofnthenmembrane.nGlycoproteinnmarksncellsnandn
doesnnotn float.

5. Whichnofnthenfollowingncannbindntonplasmanmembranenreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicnlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:n D
Ligandsnarenthenonlynspecificnmoleculesnthatncannbindnwithnreceptorsnonnthencellnmembrane.

6. Annursenisnreviewingnanreportnfromnanpatientnwithnmetastaticncancer.nWhatn alternationninnthene
xtracellularnmatrixnwouldnsupportnthendiagnosisnofnmetastaticncancer?
a. Decreasednfibronectin
b. Increasedncollagen
c. Decreasednelastin
d. Increasednglycoproteins
ANS:n A
Onlynanreducednamountnofnfibronectinnisnfoundninnsomentypesnofncancerousncells,nallowingnthemn
tontravelnornmetastasize.

7. Whichnformnofncellncommunicationnisnusedntonrelatentonotherncellsninndirectn physicalncontact?
a. Cellnjunction N
b. Gapnjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightnjunction
ANS:n A
Cellnjunctionsnholdncellsntogethernandnpermitn moleculesntonpassnfromncellntoncell.nGapnjunctionsnallo
wnforncellularncommunicationnbetweenncells.nNeitherndesmosomesnnorntightnjunctionsnarenassociat
ednwithncellularncommunication.

8. Pancreaticnbetancellsnsecreteninsulin,nwhichninhibitsnsecretionnofnglucagonnfromnneighboringna
lphancells.nThisnactionnisnannexamplenofnwhichnofnthen followingnsignalingntypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:n A
Paracrinensignalingn involvesnthenreleasenofnlocalnchemicalnmediatorsnthatn arenquicklyntakennup,ndest
royed,nornimmobilized,nasninnthencasenofninsulinnandntheninhibitionnofnthensecretionnofnglucagon.nNo
nenofnthenothernoptionsninvolvensignalingnthatnisnassociatednwithnanlocalnchemicalnmediatornlikeninsu
lin.

9. Inncellularnmetabolism,neachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynforna:
a. solute.

, TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER

b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.

ANS:n B
Eachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynfornansubstrate,nanspecificnsubstancenconvertedntonanproductnofnth
enreaction.nCellularnmetabolismnisnnotndependentnonnannattractionnbetweennannenzymenandnanyno
fnthenremainingnoptions.

10. Annathletenrunsnanmarathon,nafternwhichnhisnmusclesnfeelnfatiguednandnunablentoncontract.nThenat
hletenasksnthennursenwhynthisnhappened.nThennurse’snresponsenisnbasednonnthenknowledgenthatnthen
problemnisnresultnofnandeficiencynof:
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.

ANS:n C
WhennATPnisndeficient,nimpairednmusclencontractionnresults.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsnareninvo
lvedn innmusclencontraction.

11. WhichnphasenofncatabolismnproducesnthenmostnATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricnacidncycle

ANS:n D N
WhilensomenATPnisnproducednduringnthenoxidationnandnglycolysisnphases,n mostnofnthenATPnis
generatednduringnthencitricnacidncycle.nDigestionndoesnnotnproducenanynATP.

12. Annursenisnteachingnthenstaffnaboutnthenphasesnofncellularncatabolism.nWhichnphasesnshouldnthenn
urseninclude?
a. Digestion,nglycolysis,noxidation,nandnthencitricnacidncycle
b. Diffusion,nosmosis,nandnmediatedntransport
c. Snphase,nGnphase,nandnMnphase
d. Metabolicnabsorption,nrespiration,nandnexcretion
ANS:n A
Onlyndigestion,nglycolysis,noxidation,nandnthencitricnacidncyclenarenthenphasesnofncellularnc
atabolism.

13. Anrunnernhasndepletednallnthenoxygennavailablen fornmusclenenergy.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnwillnf
acilitatenhisncontinuednmusclenperformance?
a. Electron-transportnchain
b. Aerobicnglycolysis
c. Anaerobicnglycolysis
d. Oxidativenphosphorylation
ANS:n C

, TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER

Whennnonoxygennisnavailable,nanaerobicnglycolysisnoccurs.nThenelectron-
transportnchainnisnpartnofnthencitricnacidncycle.nAerobicnglycolysisninvolvesnthenpresencenofnoxyge
n.nOxidativenphosphorylationnisnthenmechanismnbynwhichnthenenergynproducednfromncarbohydr
ates,nfats,nandnproteinsnisntransferredn tonATP.n Itnisnnotnpartnofnmusclenperformance.

14. Anfacultynmembernasksnanstudentntonidentifynthenappropriatentermnfornthenmovementn ofnansolutenfr
omnannareanofngreaterntonlessernconcentration.nWhichnanswernindicatesnthennursingnstudentnunde
rstoodnthenteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticnpressure
d. Activentransport
ANS:n B
Diffusionnisnthenmovementnofnansolutenmoleculenfromnannareanofngreaternsolutenconcentrationntona
nnareanofnlessernsolutenconcentrationnthroughnanpermeablenmembrane.nOsmosisnisnthenmovement
nofnwaternacrossnansemipermeablenmembranenfromnanregionnofnhighernwaternconcentrationntonone

nofnlowern concentration.n Hydrostaticnpressuren isnthen forcenofn fluidnagainstnancellnmembrane.n Inna

ctiventransport,nmoleculesnmovenupnanconcentrationngradient.

15. Whichndescriptionnaccuratelyndescribesnelectrolytes?
a. Smallnlipid-solublenmolecules
b. Largenproteinnmolecules
c. MicronutrientsnusedntonproducenATP
d. Electricallynchargednmolecules
ANS:n D
ElectrolytesnarenelectricallynchaNrgednmolecules.nTheynarennotnlipidn soluble,ntheynarennotn made
upnofnprotein,nandntheyndonnotnplaynanroleninnATPnproduction.

16. Annursenisnreadingnanchartn andnseesnthentermnoncoticnpressure.nThennursenrecallsnthatnoncoticnp
ressuren(colloidnosmoticnpressure)n isndeterminedn by:
a. thenconcentrationnofnsodium.
b. plasmanproteins.
c. hydrostaticnpressure.
d. thenavailabilitynofnmembranentransporternproteins.
ANS:n B
Oncoticnpressurenisndeterminednbyntheneffectnofncolloidsnornplasmanproteins.nThenconcentrationno
fnsodiumnplaysnanroleninntonicity.nHydrostaticnpressurenisnthenforcenwithinnanvessel.nMembranentra
nsporternproteinsnareninvolvedninnactiventransportnwithinnanconcentrationngradient.

17. Anpatientnhasnanbodynfluidnofn300nmOsm/kg.nThisnlabnresultn isnmeasuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmoticnpressure.
d. oncoticnpressure.
ANS:n A