ISS 215 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

ISS 215 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Which one of the following is the definition of Social Stratification? Ranking of individuals in terms of their access to and possession of valuable things Ranking of individuals in terms of their race Ranking of individuals in terms of their gender All of the above Earthquakes in India? Injured bodies that were pulled out were treated in different tents based on their cast Compared to many countries, women in the USA enjoy relatively more equality. Which one of the following is a reason for that? Women have access to education Women have access to good jobs Women have access to politically powerful positions All of the above In one of my visits to India, I saw a vendor who was selling milk in the streets of Delhi. What was so unique about it? A. The milk was dirty and people were still buying it B. The milk was free for poor people of the city C. This guy won't touch the glass of milk touched by his customers D. None of the above A large number of untouchables in India changed their religion and became Christians. How did this conversion influence their status in India? They were still considered inferior in India They were equal to other people in India They were ranked higher in India None of the above Which one of the following reasons was given by Davis and Moore to justify Social Inequality? It creates competition It motivates people to struggle and succeed It is a functional necessity All of the above Which one of the following is one of the criticisms of Davis and Moore/s theory on social inequality? Functional significance is a cultural phenomenon Social stratification leads to status-quo in society Social stratification leads to conflict All of the above During Estate System, who was ranked at the bottom? A. Peasants B. Priests C. Feudal lords D. Factory workers Who influenced Davis and Moore theories? Social Darwinism Work on minimum wage with no benefits Upper class Working poor Lower class Working class According to functional perspective change is good. What type of change do they prefer? Change through evolution Change through revolution Both A and B None of the above A number of East European nations have negative growth of population. What is the Functional point of view on that? It is good because small population uses less resources It is good because there is shortage of food on planet earth It is not good because in the long run, these societies may disappear It varies from country to country Which one of the following concepts was explained by our discussion on Rise and fall of old civilizations of Egypt and Rome? Evolution Revolution Social and economic injustice Society as a living organism According to Functional Perspective, which one of the following is very important for social integration and equilibrium in a society? Growing population Innovations and creativity Legitimization of social, political, and economic structure All of the above Legitimization of social, political, and economic structure leads to what? Social integration and equilibrium Which one of the following statements relates to Parson's concept of goal attainment? Societies should promote social justice Societies should promote economic justice Societies should give dreams and aspiration to their people All of the above Durkheim said that society was a living organism. What does it mean? Society has life Society is made of organic material Society can abruptly change None of the above According to Herbert Spencer and many other structural functionalists, the individuals who are competent, hardworking, and dedicated are the ones who succeed in a society. This illustration was influenced by? A. Darwin's concept of class B. Darwin's concept of survival of the fittest C. Darwin's concept of social inequality D. All of the above Based on August Comte's law of three stages of society, Western European societies such as France and Germany belong to? Theological stage Metaphysical stage Scientific Stage Stage of information technology Which one of the following statements best reflects Herbert Spencer's point of view? Increase in the size of a society leads to differentiation Increase in the size of a society leads to complexity Increase in the size of society leads to both differentiation and complexity None of the above Success as a result of hard work, discipline, and dedication is an example of: External inequality Internal inequality Both A and B None of the above Success through your parents or your name is an example of: External inequality Internal inequality Both A and B None of the above As discussed in our class, what type of division of labor can one find at the head offices of Google? Very complex division of labor Simple division of labor No division of labor None of the above Max Weber was a big proponent of bureaucracy. Which one of the following was one of the reasons given by him to support bureaucracy? Bureaucracy has cumulative knowledge It is impersonal It is hierarchical All of the above Which one of the following organizations has the rules of inclusion and exclusion? American Medical Association Bohemian club College sorority All of the above Which one of the following statements best describes Herbert Spencer's point of view on the relationship of Economic Class and status? Economic class depends on status Status depends on class Sometime status depends on economic class and some time it is independent of economic class. None of the above According to Gaetano, Pareto, and C.W. Mills who rules societies around the globe? Factory owners Elites Nobles Royal families In our class, we used the example of Pope as: Rational legal authority Traditional authority Charismatic authority Political authority In our class, we used the example of a cop as Rational legal authority Traditional authority Charismatic authority Political authority In our class, we used the example of Martin Luther King as Rational legal authority Traditional authority Charismatic authority Political authority In our class, we used the example of President as Rational legal authority Traditional authority Charismatic authority Political authority Which one of the following refers to societies based on organic solidarity? Simple, homogenous, and collective Complex, individualist, and interdependent Both A and B None of the above When talking about Durkheim, we used the story of mass suicide by the followers of Jim Jones. Which one of the following concepts reflects this suicide? Formal social control Too much integration Too little integration Religious fundamentalism Mass shooter in a school is an example of Formal social control Too much integration Too little integration Religious fundamentalism As discussed in our class, what type of division of labor can one find where there is a lot of equality? Very complex division of labor Simple division of labor No division of labor None of the above In our lecture on conflict perspective, we presented a number of evolutionary stages of society. In which one of the following stages, inequality began? Hunting and gathering societies Agrarian societies Ancient societies Feudal societies Which term was used by Karl Marx for factory owners in Modern Capitalism? A. Rural Proletariat B. Urban Proletariat C. Bourgeoisie D. None of the above Prior to arrival of Europeans immigrants, land in America was owned by Native Indians tribes not individuals. What type of capitalism was it? A. Cooperative capitalism B. Manufacturing capitalism C. Modern capitalism D. None of the above Which term was used by Karl Marx for farmers in Modern Capitalism? A. Rural Proletariat B. Urban Proletariat C. Bourgeoisie D. None of the above Which term was used by Karl Marx for factory workers in Modern Capitalism? A. Rural Proletariat B. Urban Proletariat C. Bourgeoisie D. None of the above Factory made a profit for themselves A. Cooperative capitalism B. Manufacturing capitalism C. Modern capitalism D. None of the above Karl Marx lists a number of things under forces of production. Which one of the following is one of them? A. Labor B. The raw material C. Money, machines, and infrastructure D. All of the above In a capitalist society workers do not necessarily own what they produce. Which one of the following concepts best describes this situation? A. Alienation from work B. Alienation from other workers C. Alienation from the product D. All of the above In a capitalist society workers can be hired and fired. Which one of the following concepts best describes this situation? A. Alienation from work B. Alienation from other workers C. Alienation from the product D. All of the above In a capitalist society workers are forced to work by themselves. Which one of the following concepts best describes this situation? A. Alienation from work B. Alienation from other workers C. Alienation from the product D. All of the above According to Karl Marx, which one of the following societies was based on 'Natural Socialism'? Hunting and gathering societies Ancient societies Agricultural societies Feudal societies What is Karl Marx's point of view on Middle Class? He believes that Middle Class is an independent class He believes that Middle Class is an independent class and plays a very significant role in society He believes that middle class is not an independent class and that it works for the welfare of the Bourgeoisie None of the above What is Marxist's point of view on religion? Religion is really important for all societies Religion gives individuals purpose of life Religion is used as opium by the Bourgeoisie to exploit people All religions are good Which one of the following was labeled as half-baked cookie in our discussion? Capitalism in Norway, Denmark, Sweden Capitalism in the USA Capitalism in Russia, China, and Cuba Socialism in Russia, China, and Cuba The story, "It was Grandfathers Birthday" was used in our class to explain: Alienation Class conflict Means of production Anomie Which nations tend to have very high fertility? Industrial nations Developed nations Poor nations Socialist nations In which continent do you find a large number of nations with relatively very high life expectancy? A. Asia B. Latin America C. Europe D. Africa Which one of the following four nations has the highest Infant Mortality Rate? Somalia Chad Central African Republic Norway In which one of the following four nations do women have the highest use of contraceptives? India Germany Sierra Leone Norway In which continent do you find a large number of nations with a very high GNIPPP? A. Developed nations B. Industrialized nations C. Modern nations D. Poor nations The author suggests that description, explanation, and prescription are three levels of analysis of inequality. Social scientists believe that there are economic, political, cultural, and religious reasons for this disparity. What level of knowledge is reflected in this statement? Description Explanation Prescription None of the above In which continent do you find a large number of nations with relatively very low life expectancy? A. Asia B. Latin America C. Sierra Leone D. Africa Which one of the following is an essential characteristic of the sociological mode? A. Philosophy B. Objectivity C. A biased approach D. None of the above Max Weber's theory of inequality focuses on which of the following dimensions? A. Status B. Class C. Party D. All of the above In our lectures, we discussed Karl Marx and his theory on evolution of society. According to the author, this evolution was a consequence of? A. Change in the level of education B. Change in the level of participation in the political process C. Change in the mode of production D. All of the above According to our in-class discussion, which country benefited the most from World War II? A. Japan B. USA C. Germany D. United Kingdom For which of these classes are assets and investments the major source of income? A. Lower-Middle Class B. Working Class C. Upper Class D. None of the above According to the author and our in-class discussion, current US economy is predominantly? A. Manufacturing economy B. Service economy C. Both manufacturing and service economy D. None of the above Which of the following stratification systems offers relatively more opportunities for mobility? A. Caste B. Slavery C. Estate D. Class In our discussion on social mobility, we used a story of a senior citizen who suddenly became very rich. How? He won the mega million lottery He inherited a huge amount of money He won a lawsuit against the tobacco companies He won multi-million dollar jack pot in Las Vegas According to the author, at what time in history was there a substantial expansion of the middle class? A. Post-World War II B. 1970s C. 1990s D. 2000s What is sociological mode? Bad social skills Tends to go in depth to analyze social problems Tends to not go in depth to analyze social problems Neo Marxism Theoretical framework that revisits Marxian theory updates it for Modern Complex Capitalism Actual framework that revisits Marxian theory updates it for Modern Complex Capitalism Theoretical framework that revisits Marxian theory updates it for Past Complex Capitalism Change in the mode of production is social structure of a society not social structure of a society always social economic status of a society Relatively more equality in USA After WWII Before WWII During WWII Impact of WWII on economy Very positive Very negative During WWI what kind of economy was there? A. Manufacturing economy B. Service economy C. Both manufacturing and service economy D. None of the above Where does SS come from? The employer The employee A combination of the employer and employee Stable patterns of social relationships among individuals and groups in a society is the definition of: Social Organizations Social Institutions Social Norms Social values Traffic fines in Finland are based on what? Income How fast you were going Who your father is Social norms are agents of ordering in societies around the globe. What type of agents are these? A. Human agents B. Socio-cultural agents C. Both A and B D. None of the above How is order maintained in a social organization? A. Human agents B. Socio-cultural agents C. Both A and B D. None of the above It was argued in our lectures that production of goods is influenced by the consumers. Which one of the following characteristics of consumers can influence the production? Economic class of consumers Religion of consumers Culture of consumers All of the above Universal health care, free education and subsidized housing are some of the features of welfare states. Where does the funding come for these programs? The factories that are run by the state The businesses that are owned by the state The taxes collected by the state All of the above According to our lectures, as a result of globalization US economy has changed dramatically. Which one of the following best reflects US economy after World War II and before globalization? Manufacturing economy Service economy Developing economy All of the above In our class we used the story of Woks being sold on TV. Which one of the following relates to this story? A. Advertising creates perceived desire for products that are not necessary B. Advertising influences the contents of mass media C. Advertising creates planned artificial obsolescence D. All of the above Who ultimately is advertising for? Producer Customers Companies Manufacturer Which one of the following statements best reflects the point of view discussed under Social Darwinism? Those individuals who are hardworking, smart, and dedicated are the ones who succeed The poor are the victim of the system Capitalism provide equal opportunities to all None of the above Which one of the following businesses is paying millions of dollars per year to State of Michigan for endangering the health of Michigan people? Exxon Mobil Tobacco companies Dow Chemicals General Motors In which economic system, production is for use not profit? Capitalism Welafarism Socialism All of the above Which one of the following is an example of progressive tax? Income tax Sales tax Tax at the gas station All of the above Who pays for the fundraiser for campaigns? The president The government The tax payers According to our discussion, which one of the following economic systems believes in 'trickle-down effect of economy'? Capitalism Socialism Communism All of the above In our class, we watched a video on Steve Jobs. Which one of the following statements best describes the main reason of why we watched this video? Capitalism promotes creativity, innovations, and motivation to succeed Capitalism is an exploitative system Capitalism is not friendly to environments All of the above What do people believe about the 'trickle-down effect of economy'? The upper class benefits from economic growth Everyone benefits from economic growth The lower class benefits from economic growth Which societies were regulated by Social Contract? Prehistoric societies Feudal societies Industrial societies All of the above In which societies, elites are visible? Traditional societies Modern societies Industrial societies Socialist societies In our discussion on C.W. Mills Elite Model, we used the example of former Vice President Dick Cheney. What did it refer to? Elites move from one group of elites to another group of elites In the US only republican tend to be elites Elites are always highly educated people All of the above Hobbes, Locke, and Rosseau disagreed on human nature, but they agreed on Informal social contract