Test Bank For Clinical Immunology and Serology A Laboratory Perspective Fifth Edition by Christine Dorresteyn Miller | Complete Guide A+

TEST BANK FOR CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND S
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EROLOGY A LABORATORY PERSPECTIVE, 4TH E
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DITION, CHRISTINE DORRESTEYN STEVENS, LIN
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DA MILLER.
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Studymofmamhost'smreactionsmwhenmforeignmsubstancesmaremintroducedmintomthembodym-
mANSWERmmmImmunology




Foreignmsubstancesmthatminducemamhostmresponsem-mANSWERmmmAntigens

Themconditionmofmbeingmresistantmtominfectionm-mANSWERmmmImmunity

Successfullympreventedminfectionmwithmsmallpoxmbyminjectingmammoremharmlessmsubsta
nce-mcowpoxmfrommamdiseasemaffectingmcowsm-mANSWERmmmEdwardmJenner

Fathermofmimmunology-
mobservedmbymchancemthatmoldermbacterialmculturesmwouldmnotmcausemdiseasesminmchic

kensm(firstmattenuatedmvaccine)m
Usedmattenuationmtompreventmrabiesminmaffectedmindividualsm-
mANSWERmmmLouismPasteur




Change-mmakemampathogenmlessmvirulentm(heat,maging,mormchemicalmmeans)m-
mANSWERmmmAttenuation




Cellsmthatmeat-mpartmofmnaturalmorminnatemhostmdefensem-mANSWERmmmPhagocytes

specificmimmunitymproducedmbymBmcellsm(plasmamcells)mthatmproducemantibodiesmthatmci
rculateminmbodymfluidsm-mANSWERmmmhumoralmimmunity

Serummproteinsmproducedmbymcertainmlymphocytesmwhenmexposedmtomamforeignmsubst
ancemandmtheymreactmspecificallymwithmthatmforeignmsubstancem-
mANSWERmmmAntibodies




Themindividual'smabilitymtomresistminfectionmbymmeansmofmnormallympresentmbodymfunctio
nsm-mANSWERmmmInnatem(natural)mimmunity

Typemofmresistancemthatmismcharacterizedmbymspecificitymformeachmindividualmpathogen,m
ormmicrobialmagent,mandmthemabilitymtomremembermampriormexposure
increasedmresponsemtomthatmpathogenmuponmrepeatedmexposurem-
mANSWERmmmAdaptivemimmunity




Whitembloodmcellsminmthemperipheralmbloodmthatmplaymamkeymroleminmbothminnatemandmad
aptivemimmunitym-mANSWERmmmLeukocytes

Neutrophils,meosinophils,mbasophils,mmonocytes,mlymphocytesm-
mANSWERmmm5mprincipalmtypesmofmleukocytesminmperipheralmblood

,Neutrophils,meosinophils,mbasophils,mmonocytesm-
mANSWERmmmInnatemimmunemcellsminmperiphery




Lymphocytesm-mANSWERmmmAdaptivemimmunemcellsminmperiphery

Mastmcells,mmacrophages,mandmdendriticmcellsm-mANSWERmmmTissuemcellmlines

Hematopoieticmstemmcellm(HSC)m-
mANSWERmmmAllmbloodmcellsmarisemfrommamtypemofmcell




Commonmmyeloidmprecursorsm(CMP)mandmCommonmlymphoidmprecursorsm(CLP)m-
mANSWERmmmHSCmgivesmrisemtomtwomdistinctmtypesmofmprecursormcells:




Phagocyticmcells:mMonocytes/Macrophages,mNeutrophils,mEosinophils,mBasophils,mEry
throcytes,mPlateletsm-mANSWERmmmThemcommonmmyeloidmprecursormgivesmrisemto:

T/NKmprogenitorsm(TmandmNKmcells)mandmBmcellmprogenitorsm(Bmcellmandmdendriticmcells)
m-mANSWERmmmThemcommonmlymphoidmprecursormgivesmrisemto:




Polymorphonuclearmneutrophilicmleukocyte
50-75%mofmtotalmperipheralmWBCsminmadultsm-mANSWERmmmNeutrophils

Containsmantimicrobialmproductsmsuchmasmmyeloperoxidase,mlysozyme,melastase,mprot
einase-3,mcathepsinmG,mandmdefensinsm-mANSWERmmmAzurophilicmormprimarymgranules

Lysozyme,mlactoferrin,mcollagenase,mgelatinase,mandmrespiratorymburstmcomponentsm-
mANSWERmmmsecondarymgranules




Passagemofmwhitembloodmcellsmthroughmintactmvesselmwallsmintomtissuem-
mANSWERmmmDiapedesis




chemicalmmessengersmthatmcausemcellsmtommigrateminmamparticularmdirectionm-
mANSWERmmmChemotaxins




1-3%mofmthemcirculatingmWBCsminmamnonallergicmpersonm-mANSWERmmmEosinophils

Catalase,mlysozyme,mcytokinesm(chemicalmmessengers),mgrowthmfactors,mandmcationic
mproteinsm-mANSWERmmmEosinophilmgranules




Attackmparasitesmandmtoxicmproteinsmandmallergicmresponses.mRegulationmofmmastmcellmf
unctionm-mANSWERmmmRolemofmeosinophils

<1%minmperipheralmbloodm
Shortmlifespanm-mANSWERmmmBasophil

histamine,mcytokines,mgrowthmfactors,mandmheparinm-mANSWERmmmBasophilmgranules

Contractsmsmoothmmusclem-mANSWERmmmFunctionmofmhistamine

, RegulatemTmhelpermcellmresponsesmandmstimulatemBmcellsmtomproducemIgEm-
mANSWERmmmBasophilmfunction




Largestmcellsminmperipheralmblood
4-10%mofmtotalmcirculatingmWBCs
upmtom30hmandmmigratemintomtissuemtombecomemmacrophagesm-
mANSWERmmmMonocytes




1-mperoxidase,macidmphosphatase,marylsulfatase
2-mB-glucuronidase,mlysozyme,mlipasem-mANSWERmmmMonocytesmgranules

Tissuemmonocytes
Containmnomperoxidase
Namedmaccordingmtomamtissuemlocation
Lifespan-mmonthsm-mANSWERmmmMacrophages

Microbialmkilling,manti-
tumormactivity,mintracellularmparasitemeradication,mphagocytosis,msecretionmcellmmediat
ors
PresentmantigensmtomTmandmBmcellsm-mANSWERmmmMacrophagemrole

ReleasedmbymTmlymphocytesmduringmimmunemresponse
Chemicalmmessengersmwhichmenhancemmacrophagemkillingmactivitym-
mANSWERmmmCytokines




Longmlifespanm9-18mmonthsm-mANSWERmmmMastmcells

acidmphosphatase,malkalinemphosphatase,mprotease,mandmhistaminem-
mANSWERmmmMastmcellmgranules




Allergicmreactions
Antigen-presentingmcells
Enhancemandmsuppressmthemadaptivemimmunemresponsem-mANSWERmmmMastmcellmrole

Phagocytosis
Antigen-presentingmcellsm-mANSWERmmmDendriticmcells

20-40%mcirculatingmWBCs
adaptivemimmunemresponsem-mANSWERmmmLymphocytes

-mSurfacemproteins
-mActmasmmarkersmofmrecognitionmformlymphocytesm-
mANSWERmmmClustersmofmDifferentiationm(CD)




Bonemmarrow
Membrane-boundmantibodies:mIgMmandmIgD
SurfacemproteinsmCD19,mCD21,mMHCmclassmIIm-mANSWERmmmBmCells

Lymphocytemprecursors;mentermthemthymusmfrommthembonemmarrowm-
mANSWERmmmThymocytes