ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
J J J J J J
WITH 100% COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
J J J J
Acutejrenaljfailurej-jCORRECTjANSWER-Reversible
Determiningjprognosis-
jkidneysjrespondjtojdiureticjwithjgoodjoutput;jthisjindicatesjthatjkidneysjarejfunctioningjwell
AcutejPyelonephritisj-jCORRECTjANSWER-
Diagnosingjbyjclinicaljsymptomsjalonejcanjbejdifficult;jcanjbejsimilarjtojcystitis
Diagnosisjestablishedjby:
-Urinejculture
-Urinalysisj(WBCjcastsjindicatesjpyelonephritis,jbutjmayjnotjalwaysjbejpresent)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicatedjpyelonephritisjrequiresjbloodjculturesjandjurinaryjtractjimaging
RenaljCalculij(RenaljStones)j-jCORRECTjANSWER-GoalsjofjTreatment:
Managejacutejpain
Promotejpassagejofjstone
Reducejsizejofjstone
Preventjnewjstonejformation
ChronicjRenaljFailurej-jCORRECTjANSWER-
ChronicjKidneyjDiseasej(CKD)jisjajprogressivejlossjofjrenaljfunctionjassociatedjwithjsystemicjdiseasej
suchjasjhypertension,jdiabetesjmellitusj(mostjsignificantjriskjfactor),jsystemicjlupusjerythematosusj
orjintrinsicjkidneyjdisease
CKDjstagejisjdeterminedjbyjestimatesjofjGFRjandjalbuminuria
NR507-jAdvancedjPathophysiologyjFinaljExamjquestionsjwithj100%jcompletejsolutionsj
, Whojisjajcandidatejforjdialysis?j-jCORRECTjANSWER-End-
stagejrenaljdiseasej(ESRD)jisjthejfinaljstagejofjCKDjwithjthejnumberjonejcausejbeingjdiabetesjmellitu
sjcombinedjwithjhypertension.jAtjthisjpoint,jthejpatientjisjcompletelyjdependentjonjdialysisjtojsurvi
ve.
CKDjisjclassifiedjintojfivejstagesjandjisjbasedjonjthejpatient'sjGFRjratherjthanjsymptoms.
Patientsjwilljneedjdialysisjwhenjthejfollowingjsymptomsjarejpresent:
--Metabolicjacidosis.
--Hyperkalemia:jHyperkalemiajinjthejpresencejofjEKGjchangesj(peakedjT-
waves)jisjanjindicationjforjdialysis.j--Hyperkalemiajbyjitselfjisjnotjanjindicationjforjdialysis.
--
Drugjtoxicity:jDrugjtoxicityjduejtojthejfollowingjdrugsjisjanjindicationjforjdialysisjandjincludejsalicylat
es,jLithium,jIsopropanol,jMethanoljandjEthylenejglycol).
--Fluidjvolumejoverloadjthatjisjnotjresponsivejtojdiuretics.
--Uremicjsymptomsjduejtojnitrogenousjwastesjinjthejbloodjstream.
StagejIjCKDj-jCORRECTjANSWER-TherejisjkidneyjdamagejwithjnormaljorjelevatedjGFR
90-120
StagejIIjCKDj-jCORRECTjANSWER-TherejisjkidneyjdamagejwithjmildjdecreasejinjGFR
60-89
StagejIIIjCKDj-jCORRECTjANSWER-TherejisjajmoderatejdecreasejinjGFR
30-59
StagejIVjCKDj-jCORRECTjANSWER-TherejisjajseverejdecreasejinjGFR
15-29
NR507-jAdvancedjPathophysiologyjFinaljExamjquestionsjwithj100%jcompletejsolutionsj