1
NAVLE
A 12-week-old chicken from a young backyard flock is presented for evaluation
because of weight loss, decreased appetite, and diarrhea.
R
The irises in the affected bird are lighter than normal with irregular pupillary
E
margins, and the hen does not have a normal pupillary light reflex . Several other
H
young birds appear to be growing poorly compared to the rest of the flock.
Based on the presumptive diagnosis, how can this problem be prevented going
IG
forward?
A - Buy only vaccinated chicks
H
B - Use only mycoplasma-resistant bloodlines for new additions to flock
G
C - Cull birds from the same genetic line
D - Collect pharyngeal swabs from affected birds; Antibiotic Rx for entire flock
IN
based on culture and sensitivity
E - Isolate unaffected animals; Breed from survivors of disease - ANS A-
Y
Buy only vaccinated chicks. This is likely an ocular manifestation of Marek
L
disease. There is no treatment, but the problem is preventable with vaccination at
F
hatching or before 2 weeks of age. Infiltration of mononuclear cells turn the irises
of affected chickens to a pale tan color.
A 22-year-old Thoroughbred mare is presented for bilateral green nasal
discharge, retching, coughing, and inappetence noted after feeding this evening.
The owner recently switched the mare to a pelleted diet because of the mare's
, 2
poor dentition. Physical exam reveals bilateral green nasal discharge. The
mucous membranes are pink and moist with a capillary refill time of 1.5 seconds.
A slight swelling is notable in the proximal-left jugular groove just caudal to the
vertical ramus of the mandible. Based on the most likely diagnosis, what initial
R
therapy would be recommended? - ANS C - Withhold food and water; give
E
sedatives and oxytocin; recheck in 2 hours
H
This systemically stable horse has an acute esophageal obstruction. This
G
treatment is often successful in uncomplicated cases. If not resolved in 2-4
I
hours, sedate to lower the head, pass a nasogastric tube, and gently lavage the
H
esophagus with water.
G
A commercial pig farm experiences an explosive outbreak of respiratory disease
N
with high mortality, primarily in young pigs under six months of age.
I
Affected pigs show severe respiratory distress, fever up to 107°F (41.5°C),
Y
anorexia, and reluctance to move. Some animals display open-mouth breathing
L
with a blood-stained, frothy nasal and oral discharge.
F
On necropsy, the lungs are bilaterally dark and swollen and ooze bloody fluid
from the cut surface.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?
A - Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
B - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
C - Haemophilus parahaemolyticus
, 3
D - Fusobacterium necrophorum
E - Swine influenza - ANS A. actinobacillus pleuropnemoniae, primarily a
growing disease, mortality high if untreated
R
A couple of days ago a client brought an 18-month-old filly home from a kill pen
E
(was headed for Mexico for slaughter). She just sent you photos of the horse
H
showing thick bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and a swollen throat latch.
She says that the horse's breathing is stertorous and loud. You are on your way
G
to see the horse, thinking you will need to do an emergency tracheotomy first
I
thing. What are additional preliminary recommendations based on the top
H
differential? - ANS E - Quarantine the horse; take temps on all other horses.
G
This presentation is consistent with strangles, a highly contagious respiratory
N
disease. You can confirm with PCR nasal swab or drainage from abscessed
I
lymph node. Strangles infects lymph nodes of the upper resp tract and the
Y
ensuing lymphadenopathy can "strangle" the horse. It first causes a fever, 24-48
L
hrs later mucopurulent nasal discharge, and then lymph node enlargement.
F
A five-year-old intact male Cocker Spaniel is presented after being hit by a car.
Physical exam reveals severe lower back pain.
The dog is ambulatory but too fractious to examine reflexes or conscious
proprioception.
NAVLE
A 12-week-old chicken from a young backyard flock is presented for evaluation
because of weight loss, decreased appetite, and diarrhea.
R
The irises in the affected bird are lighter than normal with irregular pupillary
E
margins, and the hen does not have a normal pupillary light reflex . Several other
H
young birds appear to be growing poorly compared to the rest of the flock.
Based on the presumptive diagnosis, how can this problem be prevented going
IG
forward?
A - Buy only vaccinated chicks
H
B - Use only mycoplasma-resistant bloodlines for new additions to flock
G
C - Cull birds from the same genetic line
D - Collect pharyngeal swabs from affected birds; Antibiotic Rx for entire flock
IN
based on culture and sensitivity
E - Isolate unaffected animals; Breed from survivors of disease - ANS A-
Y
Buy only vaccinated chicks. This is likely an ocular manifestation of Marek
L
disease. There is no treatment, but the problem is preventable with vaccination at
F
hatching or before 2 weeks of age. Infiltration of mononuclear cells turn the irises
of affected chickens to a pale tan color.
A 22-year-old Thoroughbred mare is presented for bilateral green nasal
discharge, retching, coughing, and inappetence noted after feeding this evening.
The owner recently switched the mare to a pelleted diet because of the mare's
, 2
poor dentition. Physical exam reveals bilateral green nasal discharge. The
mucous membranes are pink and moist with a capillary refill time of 1.5 seconds.
A slight swelling is notable in the proximal-left jugular groove just caudal to the
vertical ramus of the mandible. Based on the most likely diagnosis, what initial
R
therapy would be recommended? - ANS C - Withhold food and water; give
E
sedatives and oxytocin; recheck in 2 hours
H
This systemically stable horse has an acute esophageal obstruction. This
G
treatment is often successful in uncomplicated cases. If not resolved in 2-4
I
hours, sedate to lower the head, pass a nasogastric tube, and gently lavage the
H
esophagus with water.
G
A commercial pig farm experiences an explosive outbreak of respiratory disease
N
with high mortality, primarily in young pigs under six months of age.
I
Affected pigs show severe respiratory distress, fever up to 107°F (41.5°C),
Y
anorexia, and reluctance to move. Some animals display open-mouth breathing
L
with a blood-stained, frothy nasal and oral discharge.
F
On necropsy, the lungs are bilaterally dark and swollen and ooze bloody fluid
from the cut surface.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?
A - Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
B - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
C - Haemophilus parahaemolyticus
, 3
D - Fusobacterium necrophorum
E - Swine influenza - ANS A. actinobacillus pleuropnemoniae, primarily a
growing disease, mortality high if untreated
R
A couple of days ago a client brought an 18-month-old filly home from a kill pen
E
(was headed for Mexico for slaughter). She just sent you photos of the horse
H
showing thick bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and a swollen throat latch.
She says that the horse's breathing is stertorous and loud. You are on your way
G
to see the horse, thinking you will need to do an emergency tracheotomy first
I
thing. What are additional preliminary recommendations based on the top
H
differential? - ANS E - Quarantine the horse; take temps on all other horses.
G
This presentation is consistent with strangles, a highly contagious respiratory
N
disease. You can confirm with PCR nasal swab or drainage from abscessed
I
lymph node. Strangles infects lymph nodes of the upper resp tract and the
Y
ensuing lymphadenopathy can "strangle" the horse. It first causes a fever, 24-48
L
hrs later mucopurulent nasal discharge, and then lymph node enlargement.
F
A five-year-old intact male Cocker Spaniel is presented after being hit by a car.
Physical exam reveals severe lower back pain.
The dog is ambulatory but too fractious to examine reflexes or conscious
proprioception.
