Microbiology: an Introduction Chapter 1 Study Deck
1. What are Microorganisms?: living things too small to be seen by the naked eye
2. Microorganism do what for the planet?: They are important in maintaining
Earth's ecological balance.
3. Microorganisms do what for people?: They live in humans and in animals
and needed to maintain good health.
4. Some microorganisms produce what?: Some are used in the production of
food and chemicals
5. What harm do microorganism cause?: Some produce disease.
6. The system for naming and classifying organisms was created by who?:
-
Carolus Linnaeus in 1735
7. How are organisms named?: By genus and epithet, both are underlined or
italicized and the genus is always capitalized
8. What are bacteria?: Bacteria are unicellular organisms. Because they have
no nucleus they are described as prokaryotic.
9. What are the three major shapes of bacteria?: bacillus(rods),
coccus(spheres), spiral(curly cues)
10. Describe bacteria physically.: Most bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall;
the divide by binary fission, and they may possess flagella.
11. What do bacteria eat?: They use a wide range of chemical for their nutrition
12. What are Archaea?: Prokaryotes
13. True or False:
Archaea lack peptidoglycan in their call walls.: True
14. Name the three types of extremophile archaea: Methanogens, halopliles,
and extreme thermophiles
15. What are fungi?: Most fungi are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms
16. Name the three types of fungi.: Mushrooms, molds, and yeast
17. What and how do fungi eat?: Fungi are saprophytes which feed by chemical
predigesting then consuming decomposing materials. 18. What are
protozoans?: They are unicellular eukaryotes
19. How do protozoans eat?: They obtain nourishment by absorption or
ingestion through special structures.
20. What are algae?: Algae are uni- or multicellular eukaryotes.
21. What do algae eat?: They obtain nourishment by photo synthesis
22. What is achieved with photosynthesis?: The algae use the carbohydrate
and oxygen produced by photosynthesis.
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, Microbiology: an Introduction Chapter 1 Study Deck
23. What are viruses?: Viruses are non-cellular entities that are parasites of cells
24. What is the physical make-up of viruses?: They consist of a nucleic acid
core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. An envelope may surround
the coat. 25 Name the principal groups of multicellular animal parasites.:
Helminths;
1. flatworms
2. roundworms
26. How are multicellular parasites identified?: They are identified by
traditional microbiological procedures
27. All organisms are identified as belonging to which three groups?: 1.
Archaea
2. Bacteria
3. Eukarya
28. What makes up the Eukarya Super Domain?: protists, fungi, plants and
animals.
29. Robert Hooke: observed that cork was composed of of "little boxes"; he
introduced the cell in 1665
30. What did Hooke's observations do?: Laid the groundwork for the
development of the cell theory
31. What is cell theory?: The concept that all living things are composed of cells.
32. Why is Anton van Leewenhoek famous?: He was the first person to
observe microorganisms using a microscope.
33. What is spontaneous generation?: Until the mid-1880s, many people
believed that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter.
34. Why is Francesco Redi famous?: Because in 1668 he demonstrated that
maggots appear on decaying meat only when flies are able to lay eggs it.
35. What did John Needham say?: In 1745 he posited that organisms could
arise spontaneously from heated nutrient broth.
36. Why is Lazzaro Spallanzani famous?: In 1765 hee repeated Needham's
experiment and deduced that Needham's results were due to microorganisms
in the air entering the broth.
37. Why is Rudolph Virchow famous?: In 1858 he introduced the concept of
biogenesis: the theory that living cells arise only from preexisting cells.
38. What was Louis Pasteur's big idea?: In 1861 he demonstrated that
microorganisms are in the air everywhere and offered proof of biogenesis
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1. What are Microorganisms?: living things too small to be seen by the naked eye
2. Microorganism do what for the planet?: They are important in maintaining
Earth's ecological balance.
3. Microorganisms do what for people?: They live in humans and in animals
and needed to maintain good health.
4. Some microorganisms produce what?: Some are used in the production of
food and chemicals
5. What harm do microorganism cause?: Some produce disease.
6. The system for naming and classifying organisms was created by who?:
-
Carolus Linnaeus in 1735
7. How are organisms named?: By genus and epithet, both are underlined or
italicized and the genus is always capitalized
8. What are bacteria?: Bacteria are unicellular organisms. Because they have
no nucleus they are described as prokaryotic.
9. What are the three major shapes of bacteria?: bacillus(rods),
coccus(spheres), spiral(curly cues)
10. Describe bacteria physically.: Most bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall;
the divide by binary fission, and they may possess flagella.
11. What do bacteria eat?: They use a wide range of chemical for their nutrition
12. What are Archaea?: Prokaryotes
13. True or False:
Archaea lack peptidoglycan in their call walls.: True
14. Name the three types of extremophile archaea: Methanogens, halopliles,
and extreme thermophiles
15. What are fungi?: Most fungi are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms
16. Name the three types of fungi.: Mushrooms, molds, and yeast
17. What and how do fungi eat?: Fungi are saprophytes which feed by chemical
predigesting then consuming decomposing materials. 18. What are
protozoans?: They are unicellular eukaryotes
19. How do protozoans eat?: They obtain nourishment by absorption or
ingestion through special structures.
20. What are algae?: Algae are uni- or multicellular eukaryotes.
21. What do algae eat?: They obtain nourishment by photo synthesis
22. What is achieved with photosynthesis?: The algae use the carbohydrate
and oxygen produced by photosynthesis.
1/6
, Microbiology: an Introduction Chapter 1 Study Deck
23. What are viruses?: Viruses are non-cellular entities that are parasites of cells
24. What is the physical make-up of viruses?: They consist of a nucleic acid
core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. An envelope may surround
the coat. 25 Name the principal groups of multicellular animal parasites.:
Helminths;
1. flatworms
2. roundworms
26. How are multicellular parasites identified?: They are identified by
traditional microbiological procedures
27. All organisms are identified as belonging to which three groups?: 1.
Archaea
2. Bacteria
3. Eukarya
28. What makes up the Eukarya Super Domain?: protists, fungi, plants and
animals.
29. Robert Hooke: observed that cork was composed of of "little boxes"; he
introduced the cell in 1665
30. What did Hooke's observations do?: Laid the groundwork for the
development of the cell theory
31. What is cell theory?: The concept that all living things are composed of cells.
32. Why is Anton van Leewenhoek famous?: He was the first person to
observe microorganisms using a microscope.
33. What is spontaneous generation?: Until the mid-1880s, many people
believed that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter.
34. Why is Francesco Redi famous?: Because in 1668 he demonstrated that
maggots appear on decaying meat only when flies are able to lay eggs it.
35. What did John Needham say?: In 1745 he posited that organisms could
arise spontaneously from heated nutrient broth.
36. Why is Lazzaro Spallanzani famous?: In 1765 hee repeated Needham's
experiment and deduced that Needham's results were due to microorganisms
in the air entering the broth.
37. Why is Rudolph Virchow famous?: In 1858 he introduced the concept of
biogenesis: the theory that living cells arise only from preexisting cells.
38. What was Louis Pasteur's big idea?: In 1861 he demonstrated that
microorganisms are in the air everywhere and offered proof of biogenesis
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