Air Methods Critical Care exam
1. What is the most reliable method of confirming and montioring correct
placement of an ET tube?: Continuous waveform capnography
2. The upper airway consists of...: Nose, Mouth, Jaw, Oral Cavity, Pharynx,
and Larynx
3. No gas exchange occurs here __________, it's called ____________.:
Nose to terminal bronchioles, anatomical dead space. (2ml/kg of inspired tidal
volume) They conduct airflow towards gas exchange units.
4. Crycothyroid membrane: between thyroid and cricoid, avascular structure
that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage. Site of CRiCOTHYROTOMY- an
emergency opening of the airway.
5. A PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg indicates: A. Metabolic acidosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.: C. Respiratory acidosis
6. PaCO2 normal range: 35-45 mm Hg Less than 35 likely means hyperventilation
7. Tracheal deviation AWAY from the affected side, decreased breath sounds,
and hyperresonance... What's happening?: Tension pneumothorax
8. In a tension pneumothorax tracheal deviation goes in what direction?:
AWAY from affected side.
9. Normal mean pulmonary artery pressure: 10-20 mmHg
10. Pulmonary hypertension is a mean PA pressure greater than...: (PAm)
greater than 20
11. Primary pulmonary hypertension: Idiopathic genetic disorder caused by
abnormal structure of the pulmonary blood vessels
12. Name three causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension..: 1. Passive
PH- the result of back pressure. Mitral Stenosis, LV systolic failure.
2. Active PH- Constriction of the pulmonary circuit Increased volume in pulmonary
circuit (i.e. congenital heart disease) 3. Obstruction as in Chronic recurrent PE
13. TNP of the Pregnant patient: Resuscitation priorities are the same. The best
way to take care of the baby is to take care of mama
14. Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics the most common cause of
maternal injury is...: Blunt trauma caused by MVC. Second is BT caused by
falls, 3rd is violence
, Air Methods Critical Care exam
15. fetal distress is an early sign of maternal distress... Why?: Catecholamine
mediated vasoconstriction resulting from blood loss shunts blood away from
the fetus to the mom.
16. Fetal hypo perfusion is evidenced by....: Fetal tachycardia (140 to 160+)
and fetal bradycardia
17. The FRC in a pregnant patient is....: Reduced by the gravid uterus lifting the
diaphragm.
18. chest tube placement in a pregnant patient is 1-2 spaces higher: Because
of the lifted diaphragm
19. What is the cause of physiological anemia in pregnant patients?:
Hemodilitional anemia occurs. Plasma volume increases 30-50%.
20. Preterm Labor (PTL):
21. abruptio placentae: premature separation of the placenta from the uterine
wall 22. On a pregnant patient...: Chest compressions must be higher on the
sternum. Any preg patient 20 weeks pregnant or more with a uterus above the
umbilicus should have the uterus left laterally displaced during compressions
to avoid aortocaval compression. A 15 degree tilt of the long board or lateral
displacement.
23. What is the Maternal Fetal Triage Index?: A valid reliable 5 level triage tool
that may assist in the triage of obstetric trauma patients.
24. Displacing the uterus off the vena cava can improve CO by:
approximately 30%!
25. Continuous fetal monitoring is recommended...: for all pregnant patients
20 or more weeks gestation... or (uterus above belly button).
26. Fundal height measurement: equals the approximate gestational age in
weeks, until week 32. Belly button is 20 weeks Height of last rib is 26 weeks costal
margin is 36 weeks
27. Any fundal height indicating 23 or more weeks...: at the last rib and
above is consistent with a viable fetus.
28. What type of blood should a pregnant trauma patient receive?: O-NEG
baybay.
29. Initiate cardiotocography in any mother: 20 or more weeks gestation,
must be monitored for at least 6 hours.
30. What is the serum lab test that detects fetal red cells in the maternal
circulation?: Kleinhauer Bette KB serum test. This lab is used to determine if
hemorrhage of fetal blood through the placenta and into maternal circulation. KB
, Air Methods Critical Care exam
test is an important detector of abruptio placentae, preterm labor and need to
administer Rh negative globulin when mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh
positive.
31. Continue fetal monitoring for a minimum of ---- hours for any viable
pregnancy and up to _____ hours if there is abdominal trauma: 6..... 24
32 Sonography has __________ for diagnosis placental abruption,: POOR....
they miss 50-80% of abruptions.
33. In addition to routine labs a: Prothrombin (PT ) and PTT and serial
coags should be drawn. Beta Human Chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) 34.
Measure and record fundal height every: 30 minutes.
35. Pediatric Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics: Blunt trauma MVC >
suffocations > drownings > fires/burns. No. 1 cause of fatalities is TBI.
36. Primary Survey/ Resuscitation: Survival rates in pediatric emergency can be
directly correlated with
1.RAPID AIRWAY MANAGEMENT,
2.INITIATION OF VENTILATORY SUPPORT, AND
3.EARLY RECOGNITION OF AND EARLY RESPONSE TO INTRA abdominal
AND intracranial hemorrhages
37. A STEMI is a __________ resulting from a _________.: Complete Occlusion
of a coronary artery caused by a ruptured Plaque leading to blood clot
formation in the coronary.
38. STEMI diagnosis: Chest pain + positive cardiac enzyme (TROP. >0.4), and --
ST segment ELEVATIONS greater than 1 mm in two or more contagious leads
V1-V6
-Reciprocal (depressions) changes in leads II, III,
AVF
39. STEMI
EKG findings:
STEMI
40. STEMI
EKG findings more: -St elevations > 1mm in Limb leads: 1, II, III, avF, avL -
St elevations > 2mm in precordial leads (v1-v6)
1. What is the most reliable method of confirming and montioring correct
placement of an ET tube?: Continuous waveform capnography
2. The upper airway consists of...: Nose, Mouth, Jaw, Oral Cavity, Pharynx,
and Larynx
3. No gas exchange occurs here __________, it's called ____________.:
Nose to terminal bronchioles, anatomical dead space. (2ml/kg of inspired tidal
volume) They conduct airflow towards gas exchange units.
4. Crycothyroid membrane: between thyroid and cricoid, avascular structure
that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage. Site of CRiCOTHYROTOMY- an
emergency opening of the airway.
5. A PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg indicates: A. Metabolic acidosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.: C. Respiratory acidosis
6. PaCO2 normal range: 35-45 mm Hg Less than 35 likely means hyperventilation
7. Tracheal deviation AWAY from the affected side, decreased breath sounds,
and hyperresonance... What's happening?: Tension pneumothorax
8. In a tension pneumothorax tracheal deviation goes in what direction?:
AWAY from affected side.
9. Normal mean pulmonary artery pressure: 10-20 mmHg
10. Pulmonary hypertension is a mean PA pressure greater than...: (PAm)
greater than 20
11. Primary pulmonary hypertension: Idiopathic genetic disorder caused by
abnormal structure of the pulmonary blood vessels
12. Name three causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension..: 1. Passive
PH- the result of back pressure. Mitral Stenosis, LV systolic failure.
2. Active PH- Constriction of the pulmonary circuit Increased volume in pulmonary
circuit (i.e. congenital heart disease) 3. Obstruction as in Chronic recurrent PE
13. TNP of the Pregnant patient: Resuscitation priorities are the same. The best
way to take care of the baby is to take care of mama
14. Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics the most common cause of
maternal injury is...: Blunt trauma caused by MVC. Second is BT caused by
falls, 3rd is violence
, Air Methods Critical Care exam
15. fetal distress is an early sign of maternal distress... Why?: Catecholamine
mediated vasoconstriction resulting from blood loss shunts blood away from
the fetus to the mom.
16. Fetal hypo perfusion is evidenced by....: Fetal tachycardia (140 to 160+)
and fetal bradycardia
17. The FRC in a pregnant patient is....: Reduced by the gravid uterus lifting the
diaphragm.
18. chest tube placement in a pregnant patient is 1-2 spaces higher: Because
of the lifted diaphragm
19. What is the cause of physiological anemia in pregnant patients?:
Hemodilitional anemia occurs. Plasma volume increases 30-50%.
20. Preterm Labor (PTL):
21. abruptio placentae: premature separation of the placenta from the uterine
wall 22. On a pregnant patient...: Chest compressions must be higher on the
sternum. Any preg patient 20 weeks pregnant or more with a uterus above the
umbilicus should have the uterus left laterally displaced during compressions
to avoid aortocaval compression. A 15 degree tilt of the long board or lateral
displacement.
23. What is the Maternal Fetal Triage Index?: A valid reliable 5 level triage tool
that may assist in the triage of obstetric trauma patients.
24. Displacing the uterus off the vena cava can improve CO by:
approximately 30%!
25. Continuous fetal monitoring is recommended...: for all pregnant patients
20 or more weeks gestation... or (uterus above belly button).
26. Fundal height measurement: equals the approximate gestational age in
weeks, until week 32. Belly button is 20 weeks Height of last rib is 26 weeks costal
margin is 36 weeks
27. Any fundal height indicating 23 or more weeks...: at the last rib and
above is consistent with a viable fetus.
28. What type of blood should a pregnant trauma patient receive?: O-NEG
baybay.
29. Initiate cardiotocography in any mother: 20 or more weeks gestation,
must be monitored for at least 6 hours.
30. What is the serum lab test that detects fetal red cells in the maternal
circulation?: Kleinhauer Bette KB serum test. This lab is used to determine if
hemorrhage of fetal blood through the placenta and into maternal circulation. KB
, Air Methods Critical Care exam
test is an important detector of abruptio placentae, preterm labor and need to
administer Rh negative globulin when mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh
positive.
31. Continue fetal monitoring for a minimum of ---- hours for any viable
pregnancy and up to _____ hours if there is abdominal trauma: 6..... 24
32 Sonography has __________ for diagnosis placental abruption,: POOR....
they miss 50-80% of abruptions.
33. In addition to routine labs a: Prothrombin (PT ) and PTT and serial
coags should be drawn. Beta Human Chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) 34.
Measure and record fundal height every: 30 minutes.
35. Pediatric Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics: Blunt trauma MVC >
suffocations > drownings > fires/burns. No. 1 cause of fatalities is TBI.
36. Primary Survey/ Resuscitation: Survival rates in pediatric emergency can be
directly correlated with
1.RAPID AIRWAY MANAGEMENT,
2.INITIATION OF VENTILATORY SUPPORT, AND
3.EARLY RECOGNITION OF AND EARLY RESPONSE TO INTRA abdominal
AND intracranial hemorrhages
37. A STEMI is a __________ resulting from a _________.: Complete Occlusion
of a coronary artery caused by a ruptured Plaque leading to blood clot
formation in the coronary.
38. STEMI diagnosis: Chest pain + positive cardiac enzyme (TROP. >0.4), and --
ST segment ELEVATIONS greater than 1 mm in two or more contagious leads
V1-V6
-Reciprocal (depressions) changes in leads II, III,
AVF
39. STEMI
EKG findings:
STEMI
40. STEMI
EKG findings more: -St elevations > 1mm in Limb leads: 1, II, III, avF, avL -
St elevations > 2mm in precordial leads (v1-v6)
