BIO 210 (Biology) EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
LATEST AND RATED A.
Draw the portion of the functional group that is common to aldehydes,
ketones, and carboxylic acids
R-C=O
Draw a neutral amine group
Draw a charged amine group
RCNH3
This recreational molecule, CH3CH2-OH, is an example of what kind of
functional group
Alcohol
Draw the general structure for a sulfhydryl group (Thiol)
What bond forms when two sulfhydryl groups are oxidized
Disulfide bonds
What atom is at the center of a phosphate molecule
Phosphate
How many negative charges can be found in a phosphate group attached
to a single ribose
2
How many negative charges can be found in a phosphate group attached
to two riboses
1
Name the four classes of macromolecules
,1. Lipids
2. Carbohydrates
3. Nucleic Acids
4. Proteins
Name the components of a phospholipid
1. Fatty acid
2. Glycerol
3. Phosphate
4. Choline
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. Which part of the molecule is
hydrophilic
The end with Choline
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. Which part of the molecule is
hydrophobic
The fatty acid end
In glucose and other hexoses, the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 can be
either above or below the plane of the monosaccharide ring. Does this
have a significant consequence in the structure of carbohydrates
possessing one kind of glucose or the other
If the hydroxyl group is above the plane it is an alpha-D-glucose, if it is below
the plane it is a beta-D-glucose
Which glycosidic bond can enzymes in our body digest; glucose-alpha 1-4-
glucose or glucose- beta 1-4-glucose
glucose-alpha 1-4-glucose
Two cellulose molecules are side-by-side in a cellulose microfibril. What
kind of bond holds them together
beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Two starch molecules are side-by-side. Do any bonds hold them together
,alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds
What two organic molecules distinguish DNA form RNA
Thymine and Uracil
What organic base must Thymine pair with in nucleic acids
Adenine
What organic base must Guanine pair with in nucleic acids
Cytosine
What organic base must Cytosine pair with in nucleic acids
Guanine
What organic base must Adenine pair with in nucleic acids
Thymine (DNA) or Uracil (RNA)
What organic base must Uracil pair with in nucleic acids
Adenine
Given the sequence UUCAGUUACGUCCAG, what nucleic acid does this
represent
RNA
Given the sequence TTACGTATATCGGCC, what nucleic acid does this
represent
DNA
Write the complementary RNA sequence for UUCAGUUACGUCCAG
AAGUCAAUGCAGGUC
Write the complementary DNA sequence for TTACGTATATCGGCC
AATGCATATAGCCGG
What atom is missing from ribose to give deoxyribose
Oxygen
, When ribose is in a nucleotide, how are ribose carbon atoms 1-5
numbered
1 is the carbon to the right of the oxygen attached to the Nitrogenous base,
count clockwise and 5 is the carbon attached to the oxygen of the first
phosphate group
What 3 functions of RNA mediate the "coordinate cellular activity"
function of DNA
1. Transfer information from DNA to Protein Synthesis Machinery (ribosome)
2. Transfer amino acids to Protein Synthesis Machinery
3. Form peptide bonds- ribosomal RNA
Name the 5 biological themes that will be encountered in this course
1. Mechanistic doctrine
2. Cell Theory
3. Central Dogma of Biology
4. Gene theory of inheritance
5. Cellular Evolution
What is it about the mechanistic doctrine that makes biology the most
inter-disciplinary scientific discipline
It draws from all other sciences and cells can be studied by chemical and
physical methods
What are the three statements of the cell theory
1. All organisms are composed of cells
2. All cells come from pre-existing cells
3. Chemical reactions responsible for life take place within cells
If the latest Mars rover, Curiosity, found a mummified organism and
demonstrated it was composed of cells, would that increase the generality
of the cell theory
No, because it would confirm that all organisms are composed of cells
LATEST AND RATED A.
Draw the portion of the functional group that is common to aldehydes,
ketones, and carboxylic acids
R-C=O
Draw a neutral amine group
Draw a charged amine group
RCNH3
This recreational molecule, CH3CH2-OH, is an example of what kind of
functional group
Alcohol
Draw the general structure for a sulfhydryl group (Thiol)
What bond forms when two sulfhydryl groups are oxidized
Disulfide bonds
What atom is at the center of a phosphate molecule
Phosphate
How many negative charges can be found in a phosphate group attached
to a single ribose
2
How many negative charges can be found in a phosphate group attached
to two riboses
1
Name the four classes of macromolecules
,1. Lipids
2. Carbohydrates
3. Nucleic Acids
4. Proteins
Name the components of a phospholipid
1. Fatty acid
2. Glycerol
3. Phosphate
4. Choline
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. Which part of the molecule is
hydrophilic
The end with Choline
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. Which part of the molecule is
hydrophobic
The fatty acid end
In glucose and other hexoses, the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 can be
either above or below the plane of the monosaccharide ring. Does this
have a significant consequence in the structure of carbohydrates
possessing one kind of glucose or the other
If the hydroxyl group is above the plane it is an alpha-D-glucose, if it is below
the plane it is a beta-D-glucose
Which glycosidic bond can enzymes in our body digest; glucose-alpha 1-4-
glucose or glucose- beta 1-4-glucose
glucose-alpha 1-4-glucose
Two cellulose molecules are side-by-side in a cellulose microfibril. What
kind of bond holds them together
beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Two starch molecules are side-by-side. Do any bonds hold them together
,alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds
What two organic molecules distinguish DNA form RNA
Thymine and Uracil
What organic base must Thymine pair with in nucleic acids
Adenine
What organic base must Guanine pair with in nucleic acids
Cytosine
What organic base must Cytosine pair with in nucleic acids
Guanine
What organic base must Adenine pair with in nucleic acids
Thymine (DNA) or Uracil (RNA)
What organic base must Uracil pair with in nucleic acids
Adenine
Given the sequence UUCAGUUACGUCCAG, what nucleic acid does this
represent
RNA
Given the sequence TTACGTATATCGGCC, what nucleic acid does this
represent
DNA
Write the complementary RNA sequence for UUCAGUUACGUCCAG
AAGUCAAUGCAGGUC
Write the complementary DNA sequence for TTACGTATATCGGCC
AATGCATATAGCCGG
What atom is missing from ribose to give deoxyribose
Oxygen
, When ribose is in a nucleotide, how are ribose carbon atoms 1-5
numbered
1 is the carbon to the right of the oxygen attached to the Nitrogenous base,
count clockwise and 5 is the carbon attached to the oxygen of the first
phosphate group
What 3 functions of RNA mediate the "coordinate cellular activity"
function of DNA
1. Transfer information from DNA to Protein Synthesis Machinery (ribosome)
2. Transfer amino acids to Protein Synthesis Machinery
3. Form peptide bonds- ribosomal RNA
Name the 5 biological themes that will be encountered in this course
1. Mechanistic doctrine
2. Cell Theory
3. Central Dogma of Biology
4. Gene theory of inheritance
5. Cellular Evolution
What is it about the mechanistic doctrine that makes biology the most
inter-disciplinary scientific discipline
It draws from all other sciences and cells can be studied by chemical and
physical methods
What are the three statements of the cell theory
1. All organisms are composed of cells
2. All cells come from pre-existing cells
3. Chemical reactions responsible for life take place within cells
If the latest Mars rover, Curiosity, found a mummified organism and
demonstrated it was composed of cells, would that increase the generality
of the cell theory
No, because it would confirm that all organisms are composed of cells
