NUR 4257 - Exam 1 questions & answers graded A+ 2025
updated!
1. BiPAP resp support, POSITIVE airway pressure (forcing air in)
-external ventilation: used to reverse pt quickly without
the use of a vent
2. how much O2 do high over 6L
flow NC provide?
3. potential insufficient -RR, ABGs, spO2, ETCO2
secre- tion -assess for hypoxemia (restless, confusion, agitation)
removal/decreased gas -auscultate breath sounds
exchange: NI -cough/deep breathe/IC if not intubated (if ET - suction)
4. f/e imb: NI -daily weights, strict I&Os, admin
meds
-diuretics, e- replacements (check labs)
5. tissue perfusion: NI -assess LOC/HR/BP
-skin color, moisture, temp
-peripheral pulses (cap refill)
-assess UO hourly
6. ROI in vented pt: NI -elevate HOB > 30 degrees
-antiseptic oral care
-prophylactic VTE/peptic ulcer disease
-PPIs - reduce gastric acid secretions, reduce risk of
aspiration leading to VAPs
-ET tube: suction
7. purpose of A-line -invasive, continuous hemodynamic monitoring
-assess eflcacy of vasoactive meds
-obtain labs (ABGs, etc.)
8. 5 parts to basic hemodynam- 1. invasive catheter (inserted into artery, heart, vein)
ic monitor system 2. noncompliant pressure tubing (minimize artifact, accurat
, NUR 4257 - Exam 1 questions & answers graded A+ 2025
updated!
transfer of pressure changes to transducer and
monitoring sys- tem)
3. transducer and 3-way stopcock
4. pressurized flush system
5. bedside monitoring system
9. transducer and 3-way part of invasive hemodynamic monitoring system
stop- cock !! translates intravascular pressure to waveforms and
numerical data
!! must be zeroed at the phlebostatic axis to eliminate the
ettect of atm pressure on the system
-3-way stopcock (aka air-fluid interface) attached to
transducer as a reference point for zeroing and
leveling the system
10. pressurized fluid system:
he- modynamic maintains patency of the tubing and catheter, minimize clot
monitoring formation
-arteries are HIGH pressure, if pressure bag is not set
up cor- rectly, blood will spurt out of artline (want pressure
in the system to be higher than the pressure in the
artery)
11. how to zero an artline 1. turn stopcock ott towards pt
2. pull ott cap
3. push zero on the hemodynamic monitoring syste
12. how to eliminate the -at sea lvl, atm pressure exerts force of 760mmHg on any
effect of atm pressure object on earth's surface
in hemody- namic -atm pressure can impact hemodynamic values
monitoring and why its !!! must zero (calibrate) the stopcock in the transducer
imp system at the level of the phlebostatic axis (for a-lines)
to get rid of atm pressure
, NUR 4257 - Exam 1 questions & answers graded A+ 2025
updated!
13. the phlebostatic axis (4th IC space (level of the atria)
at the midway pt of the AP diameter of the chest)
, NUR 4257 - Exam 1 questions & answers graded A+ 2025
updated!
what level should the (!!! ditt lines, have ditt levels of positioning)
stop- cock be zeroed at
FOR AN ARTLINE once phlebo axis is identified, secure transducer and
zeroing stopcock to IV pole near pt or on chest wall (if
secured on chest wall, assess for skin breakdown)
14. another name for leveling the air-fluid interface
zeroing the stopcock
15. anatomical 4th IC space (level of the atria) at the midway pt of the AP
positioning of the diameter of the chest
phlebostatic axis
transducer too high: low numbers
16. what if the transducer transducer too low: high numbers
is too high? too low?
1 cm ott will change values by 0.73 mmHg
1. positioning the pt (can be measured with pt supine
17. 4 major cmpts for HOB up
validating
the accuracy of hemodynam- or down...as long as transducer is at phlebo axis)
ic monitoring -positioning can change BP values with a BP cutt!
systems 2. leveling the air-fluid interface (zeroing the stopcock)
at the phlebostatic axis
3. zeroing the transducer (stopcock turned ott to the
updated!
1. BiPAP resp support, POSITIVE airway pressure (forcing air in)
-external ventilation: used to reverse pt quickly without
the use of a vent
2. how much O2 do high over 6L
flow NC provide?
3. potential insufficient -RR, ABGs, spO2, ETCO2
secre- tion -assess for hypoxemia (restless, confusion, agitation)
removal/decreased gas -auscultate breath sounds
exchange: NI -cough/deep breathe/IC if not intubated (if ET - suction)
4. f/e imb: NI -daily weights, strict I&Os, admin
meds
-diuretics, e- replacements (check labs)
5. tissue perfusion: NI -assess LOC/HR/BP
-skin color, moisture, temp
-peripheral pulses (cap refill)
-assess UO hourly
6. ROI in vented pt: NI -elevate HOB > 30 degrees
-antiseptic oral care
-prophylactic VTE/peptic ulcer disease
-PPIs - reduce gastric acid secretions, reduce risk of
aspiration leading to VAPs
-ET tube: suction
7. purpose of A-line -invasive, continuous hemodynamic monitoring
-assess eflcacy of vasoactive meds
-obtain labs (ABGs, etc.)
8. 5 parts to basic hemodynam- 1. invasive catheter (inserted into artery, heart, vein)
ic monitor system 2. noncompliant pressure tubing (minimize artifact, accurat
, NUR 4257 - Exam 1 questions & answers graded A+ 2025
updated!
transfer of pressure changes to transducer and
monitoring sys- tem)
3. transducer and 3-way stopcock
4. pressurized flush system
5. bedside monitoring system
9. transducer and 3-way part of invasive hemodynamic monitoring system
stop- cock !! translates intravascular pressure to waveforms and
numerical data
!! must be zeroed at the phlebostatic axis to eliminate the
ettect of atm pressure on the system
-3-way stopcock (aka air-fluid interface) attached to
transducer as a reference point for zeroing and
leveling the system
10. pressurized fluid system:
he- modynamic maintains patency of the tubing and catheter, minimize clot
monitoring formation
-arteries are HIGH pressure, if pressure bag is not set
up cor- rectly, blood will spurt out of artline (want pressure
in the system to be higher than the pressure in the
artery)
11. how to zero an artline 1. turn stopcock ott towards pt
2. pull ott cap
3. push zero on the hemodynamic monitoring syste
12. how to eliminate the -at sea lvl, atm pressure exerts force of 760mmHg on any
effect of atm pressure object on earth's surface
in hemody- namic -atm pressure can impact hemodynamic values
monitoring and why its !!! must zero (calibrate) the stopcock in the transducer
imp system at the level of the phlebostatic axis (for a-lines)
to get rid of atm pressure
, NUR 4257 - Exam 1 questions & answers graded A+ 2025
updated!
13. the phlebostatic axis (4th IC space (level of the atria)
at the midway pt of the AP diameter of the chest)
, NUR 4257 - Exam 1 questions & answers graded A+ 2025
updated!
what level should the (!!! ditt lines, have ditt levels of positioning)
stop- cock be zeroed at
FOR AN ARTLINE once phlebo axis is identified, secure transducer and
zeroing stopcock to IV pole near pt or on chest wall (if
secured on chest wall, assess for skin breakdown)
14. another name for leveling the air-fluid interface
zeroing the stopcock
15. anatomical 4th IC space (level of the atria) at the midway pt of the AP
positioning of the diameter of the chest
phlebostatic axis
transducer too high: low numbers
16. what if the transducer transducer too low: high numbers
is too high? too low?
1 cm ott will change values by 0.73 mmHg
1. positioning the pt (can be measured with pt supine
17. 4 major cmpts for HOB up
validating
the accuracy of hemodynam- or down...as long as transducer is at phlebo axis)
ic monitoring -positioning can change BP values with a BP cutt!
systems 2. leveling the air-fluid interface (zeroing the stopcock)
at the phlebostatic axis
3. zeroing the transducer (stopcock turned ott to the
