PHSC 210 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST EDITION GRADED A+
Olivine Group (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, Example)
No cleavage, single tetrahedra, Olivine
Pyroxene Group (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, Example)
Two planes at 90 degree angle, single chains, Augite
Amphibole Group (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, Example)
Two planes at 60 and 120 degrees, double chains, hornblende
Micas (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, 2 Examples)
One plane, sheets, Biotite and Muscovite
Feldspars (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, 2 Examples)
Two planes at 90 degree angles, three dimensional networks, potassium feldspar and
plagioclase
Quartz (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, Example)
No cleavage, 3-D, Quartz
What 5 attributes define a mineral?
Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline, definite chemical formula
What is an element?
substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary, physical, or
chemical processes
List 4 types of bonds
Covalent, ionic, metallic, hydrogen
A type of bond where two atoms share electrons, holds hydrogen atoms together
Covalent bond
Type of bond that donates and accepts electrons and has positive/negative
attractions
Ionic bond
Where are hydrogen bonds located?
Among charged regions of molecules
What are the 8 basic mineral properties?
color, streak, luster, specific gravity, crystal form, cleavage, fracture, hardness
What are 3 more rare properties of minerals?
, Double refraction, effervescence, magnetism
What are the 4 types of arrangements?
Independent tetrahedra, single/double chains, 2-D sheets, complex 3-D
Which type of mineral makes up 92% of crust minerals?
Silicates
List 5 major non silicate minerals
carbonates, halides, sulfides, oxides, native elements
What disciplines make up the earth sciences?
Geology, Meteorology, oceanography, astronomy
What are the 4 spheres of the earth?
hydrosphere,geosphere, biosphere, atmosphere
What are the two types of crusts and what does each weigh?
Continental (25 lbs) and Oceanic (27-28 lbs)
What are the characteristics of continental crust?
granite, light density, old
What are the characteristics of oceanic crust?
basalt, heavier density, young
How thick is the crust?
50-70 km
What is the distance from the crust to the edge of inner core?
5,150 km
What is the distance from the crust to center of earth?
6,371 km
What is the distance to reach the outer core?
2,890 km
What two sections does the mantle consist of?
Upper and Lower mantle
What is the core made out of?
Iron and nickel
Which core is liquid?
Outer core
Olivine Group (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, Example)
No cleavage, single tetrahedra, Olivine
Pyroxene Group (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, Example)
Two planes at 90 degree angle, single chains, Augite
Amphibole Group (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, Example)
Two planes at 60 and 120 degrees, double chains, hornblende
Micas (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, 2 Examples)
One plane, sheets, Biotite and Muscovite
Feldspars (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, 2 Examples)
Two planes at 90 degree angles, three dimensional networks, potassium feldspar and
plagioclase
Quartz (Cleavage, Silicate Structure, Example)
No cleavage, 3-D, Quartz
What 5 attributes define a mineral?
Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline, definite chemical formula
What is an element?
substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary, physical, or
chemical processes
List 4 types of bonds
Covalent, ionic, metallic, hydrogen
A type of bond where two atoms share electrons, holds hydrogen atoms together
Covalent bond
Type of bond that donates and accepts electrons and has positive/negative
attractions
Ionic bond
Where are hydrogen bonds located?
Among charged regions of molecules
What are the 8 basic mineral properties?
color, streak, luster, specific gravity, crystal form, cleavage, fracture, hardness
What are 3 more rare properties of minerals?
, Double refraction, effervescence, magnetism
What are the 4 types of arrangements?
Independent tetrahedra, single/double chains, 2-D sheets, complex 3-D
Which type of mineral makes up 92% of crust minerals?
Silicates
List 5 major non silicate minerals
carbonates, halides, sulfides, oxides, native elements
What disciplines make up the earth sciences?
Geology, Meteorology, oceanography, astronomy
What are the 4 spheres of the earth?
hydrosphere,geosphere, biosphere, atmosphere
What are the two types of crusts and what does each weigh?
Continental (25 lbs) and Oceanic (27-28 lbs)
What are the characteristics of continental crust?
granite, light density, old
What are the characteristics of oceanic crust?
basalt, heavier density, young
How thick is the crust?
50-70 km
What is the distance from the crust to the edge of inner core?
5,150 km
What is the distance from the crust to center of earth?
6,371 km
What is the distance to reach the outer core?
2,890 km
What two sections does the mantle consist of?
Upper and Lower mantle
What is the core made out of?
Iron and nickel
Which core is liquid?
Outer core
