PHSC 210 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST EDITION GRADED A+
Abraham Ortelius
Flemish cartographer
first to think the continents divided b/c S America and Africa
Antonio Snider-Pelligrini
geographer who argued for unified continents but was ignored because he was a creationist
Alfred Wegener
German scientist who attempted to prove the continents moved
continental drift
what Wegner called the continents moving
Laurentia and Gondwana
Pangaea split into northern and southern portions
Wegner's observations for continental drift
fit of the continents
matching geological units
distribution of fossils
distribution of living organisms
ancient climates
problem: what's the mechanism?
dipole
this is what the Earth is
magnetic field has two distinct zones, north and south
paleomagnetism
magnetite in a rock becomes locked in place by other minerals around it, making its orientation a
magnetic signature on the rock indicating its position on the planet at time of formation
polar wander
the looping path that the magnetic north north pole seemd to take over time
magnetic reversals
periods of time when the magnetic field flipped its orientation
, bathymetry
the science of determining water depth
HMS Challenger
first major research vessel to explore the oceans
British
continental shelf
where water depths were typically less than 150 meters
extends from a 10-100s of kms out to sea, shape varies
abyssal plain @ continental margin
end of the shelf = stepp drop-off
@ edge of continent
water depths are 2000 m or more
ocean ridge
immense linear mountain chain
cut and shifted by many faults
rift
large depression in the center of an ocean ridge
ocean trenches
discovered by the Challenger
plunges to depths of 11 km
more numerous along margins of Pacific Ocean
best known are Peru-Chile Trench and Mariana Trench
basalt
what the ocean crust is composed up
iron and magnesium minerals
more dense than continental granit
farther from ocean ridge, sedimentary cover was thicker and older
seafloor spreading
US Navy Rear Admiral and geologist Harry Hess
hypothesis based off observations
crust like conveyor belt
new ocean crust formed from rising magma at ocean ridges
spreading centers
Abraham Ortelius
Flemish cartographer
first to think the continents divided b/c S America and Africa
Antonio Snider-Pelligrini
geographer who argued for unified continents but was ignored because he was a creationist
Alfred Wegener
German scientist who attempted to prove the continents moved
continental drift
what Wegner called the continents moving
Laurentia and Gondwana
Pangaea split into northern and southern portions
Wegner's observations for continental drift
fit of the continents
matching geological units
distribution of fossils
distribution of living organisms
ancient climates
problem: what's the mechanism?
dipole
this is what the Earth is
magnetic field has two distinct zones, north and south
paleomagnetism
magnetite in a rock becomes locked in place by other minerals around it, making its orientation a
magnetic signature on the rock indicating its position on the planet at time of formation
polar wander
the looping path that the magnetic north north pole seemd to take over time
magnetic reversals
periods of time when the magnetic field flipped its orientation
, bathymetry
the science of determining water depth
HMS Challenger
first major research vessel to explore the oceans
British
continental shelf
where water depths were typically less than 150 meters
extends from a 10-100s of kms out to sea, shape varies
abyssal plain @ continental margin
end of the shelf = stepp drop-off
@ edge of continent
water depths are 2000 m or more
ocean ridge
immense linear mountain chain
cut and shifted by many faults
rift
large depression in the center of an ocean ridge
ocean trenches
discovered by the Challenger
plunges to depths of 11 km
more numerous along margins of Pacific Ocean
best known are Peru-Chile Trench and Mariana Trench
basalt
what the ocean crust is composed up
iron and magnesium minerals
more dense than continental granit
farther from ocean ridge, sedimentary cover was thicker and older
seafloor spreading
US Navy Rear Admiral and geologist Harry Hess
hypothesis based off observations
crust like conveyor belt
new ocean crust formed from rising magma at ocean ridges
spreading centers
