PHIL 201 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE, ALREADY
GRADED A+.
The 'ontological argument' is...
Anselm's argument that the idea of God is the idea of a perfect thing, and a perfect thing must exist.
. The 'cosmological argument' is an argument that...
the argument that everything is caused by something, and so there must be something that initially set
off this causal chain, and this something is God.
. The 'argument from design' is...
Darwin's argument that evolution explains everything that the idea of God was supposed to explain.
. The 'argument from evil' is an argument that...
the existence of evil indicates that God does not exist.
True or false, Pascal thinks that we are capable of knowing both that God exists and what God's
nature is?
False
True or false, Pascal thinks that reason can settle whether or not God exists?
False
True of false, Pascal thinks that it is reasonable to believe in God?
True
Pascal thinks that you can strengthen your belief in God by...
going through the motions (rituals, etc.) that those who believe go through.
Epistemology is...
the study of knowledge.
'Propositional knowledge' is...
factual knowledge.
Having four equal sides is a _____ condition of being a square, but it is not a _____ condition.
necessary; sufficient
For something to count as knowledge, it must be a
justified, true belief.
, Hume thinks that there are two sources of knowledge: relations of ideas and matters of fact. Relations
of ideas consist roughly of mathematics, logic, and the relations between the meanings of words.
Everything else for Hume is a matter of fact (all the things we see, all the things the natural sciences
study, religious claims, history, etc.). Hume says that "the _________ of every matter of fact is still
possible."
contrary
. Hume argues that all of our reasoning about matters of fact dependent on our reasoning about...
cause and effect
Hume argues that all of our experimental conclusions ultimately depend on our belief that...
the future will resemble the past
Hume concludes that all our beliefs about matters of fact, when you really get the bottom of things,
are ultimately dependent on _______, not ________
reason; custom
An Enumerative Induction...
is an inference about general principles or regularities made on the basis of repeated instances.
An Inference to the best explanation...
is an inference to the truth of a particular hypothesis on the basis of its capacity to explain evidence
well.
All warranted _______________ are instances of _____________, but not vice versa.
enumerative inductions; inferences to the best explanation
An inference to the best explanation can be better than a competing explanation in virtue of...
all of the above.
According to the "common wisdom view"...
all of the above.
Sarah Paul accepts which of the points (a, b, c) in question one above?
she rejects all of them.
'Theory-theory' is the view that...
all of our knowledge about our own mental states are inferences we make on the basis of evidence (a
view Paul accepts).
. According to Paul, feeling your stomach constricted and heart racing...
both b and c.
GRADED A+.
The 'ontological argument' is...
Anselm's argument that the idea of God is the idea of a perfect thing, and a perfect thing must exist.
. The 'cosmological argument' is an argument that...
the argument that everything is caused by something, and so there must be something that initially set
off this causal chain, and this something is God.
. The 'argument from design' is...
Darwin's argument that evolution explains everything that the idea of God was supposed to explain.
. The 'argument from evil' is an argument that...
the existence of evil indicates that God does not exist.
True or false, Pascal thinks that we are capable of knowing both that God exists and what God's
nature is?
False
True or false, Pascal thinks that reason can settle whether or not God exists?
False
True of false, Pascal thinks that it is reasonable to believe in God?
True
Pascal thinks that you can strengthen your belief in God by...
going through the motions (rituals, etc.) that those who believe go through.
Epistemology is...
the study of knowledge.
'Propositional knowledge' is...
factual knowledge.
Having four equal sides is a _____ condition of being a square, but it is not a _____ condition.
necessary; sufficient
For something to count as knowledge, it must be a
justified, true belief.
, Hume thinks that there are two sources of knowledge: relations of ideas and matters of fact. Relations
of ideas consist roughly of mathematics, logic, and the relations between the meanings of words.
Everything else for Hume is a matter of fact (all the things we see, all the things the natural sciences
study, religious claims, history, etc.). Hume says that "the _________ of every matter of fact is still
possible."
contrary
. Hume argues that all of our reasoning about matters of fact dependent on our reasoning about...
cause and effect
Hume argues that all of our experimental conclusions ultimately depend on our belief that...
the future will resemble the past
Hume concludes that all our beliefs about matters of fact, when you really get the bottom of things,
are ultimately dependent on _______, not ________
reason; custom
An Enumerative Induction...
is an inference about general principles or regularities made on the basis of repeated instances.
An Inference to the best explanation...
is an inference to the truth of a particular hypothesis on the basis of its capacity to explain evidence
well.
All warranted _______________ are instances of _____________, but not vice versa.
enumerative inductions; inferences to the best explanation
An inference to the best explanation can be better than a competing explanation in virtue of...
all of the above.
According to the "common wisdom view"...
all of the above.
Sarah Paul accepts which of the points (a, b, c) in question one above?
she rejects all of them.
'Theory-theory' is the view that...
all of our knowledge about our own mental states are inferences we make on the basis of evidence (a
view Paul accepts).
. According to Paul, feeling your stomach constricted and heart racing...
both b and c.
