HIUS 222 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, UPDATED AND VERIFIED,
ALREADY GRADED A+
1876 Centennial Exposition
-The first official world's fair to be held in the United States was held in Philadelphia.
- It coincided with the centennial anniversary of the Declaration of Independence's adoption in
Philidelphia.
Red Shirt Massacre
- Formally known as the Hamburg Massacre, it was a riot in the U.S. town of Hamburg, S.C.
- It was the first of many planned attacks carried out by white democrats.
- Black militia members were killed.
Compromise of 1877
- There was no certification of electoral college results for the first time in U.S. History.
Transcontinental Nation
- On June 4th, 1876 via the express train it a cross nation trip took only 83 hours.
- The Transcontinental Express was an express traveled from New York, NY to San Francisco, CA.
Homestead land
- The Homestead Act allowed citizens to lay claim to 160 acres of land.
- (If the homesteader resided on the land for 5 years and improved the lands, they could file for a deed
of the title.)
The Octopus
- The first description of the railroad as "the octopus" occurred on August 19, 1882, in a political
cartoon.
- The idea of an alien-like creature with tentacles in every facet of day-to-day life conveyed the
spectacular power of the railroad.
- In 1901, naturalistic writer Frank Norris published The Octopus, which offered a fictionalized account of
the Southern Pacific railroad's role in the Slough Tragedy.
Santa Clara County v Southern Pacific Railroad Company
- With the expansion of the railroads, there came a greater risk of corruption and dangerous
speculation.
- In 1886, Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad determined that corporations had
"personhood" under the 14th Amendment.
Laura Ingalls Wilder
- She was a popular author during the early 1900s.
- She was well known for her "Little House" books.
, Dawes Act
- In 1887, congress passed the Dawes Severalty Act, which divided communal tribal Landholdings into a
private property system.
- In 1889 unassigned land in the Indian Territory was made available for the settlement.
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
- On May 19, 1883, William F "Buffalo Bill" Cody opened the Buffalo Bills Wild West Show.
- By the 1890s the show carried as many as 500 cast members.
- By the end of the century, the show was giving 341 performances in 132 towns and cities across the
US.
The Visible Hand
- The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business, is a book by Alfred Chandler Jr, an
American business historian.
- It was about how corporations increasingly depended on the managerial system to run day-to-day
business operations.
Rockefeller
- Was opposed to laissez-faire ideas and believed there was too much competition in the business world.
- He expanded his empire through horizontal integration-absorbing rivals into standard oil
Andrew Carnegie and the Steel Industry
- Was a poor immigrant who migrated to the US before the Civil War, Carnegie was reputed to be a
millionaire by the time he was thirty.
- By the 1890s he had made his company into a vertically integrated corporation.
- By 1900 his plants were turning about a quarter of all steel production in the U.S.
Industrial Elite
- In New York, the new industrial elite were eager to show that they belonged with the city's storied "old
money" elite
The Gospel Wealth
- This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists.
- The industrial elite followed Carnegie's lead and created many of the nation's cultural, educational, and
philanthropic organizations.
Knights of Labor
- The Knights of Labor was the first national industry union in the U.S.
- aspired to unite all wage earners into a single organization regardless of skill, race, or sex.
- Embraced free labor ideology and emphasized working class culture over class welfare.
- After the great railway strike, membership skyrocketed to over 750,000 people
-Emphasized the Eight-hour Workday (8,8,8)
ALREADY GRADED A+
1876 Centennial Exposition
-The first official world's fair to be held in the United States was held in Philadelphia.
- It coincided with the centennial anniversary of the Declaration of Independence's adoption in
Philidelphia.
Red Shirt Massacre
- Formally known as the Hamburg Massacre, it was a riot in the U.S. town of Hamburg, S.C.
- It was the first of many planned attacks carried out by white democrats.
- Black militia members were killed.
Compromise of 1877
- There was no certification of electoral college results for the first time in U.S. History.
Transcontinental Nation
- On June 4th, 1876 via the express train it a cross nation trip took only 83 hours.
- The Transcontinental Express was an express traveled from New York, NY to San Francisco, CA.
Homestead land
- The Homestead Act allowed citizens to lay claim to 160 acres of land.
- (If the homesteader resided on the land for 5 years and improved the lands, they could file for a deed
of the title.)
The Octopus
- The first description of the railroad as "the octopus" occurred on August 19, 1882, in a political
cartoon.
- The idea of an alien-like creature with tentacles in every facet of day-to-day life conveyed the
spectacular power of the railroad.
- In 1901, naturalistic writer Frank Norris published The Octopus, which offered a fictionalized account of
the Southern Pacific railroad's role in the Slough Tragedy.
Santa Clara County v Southern Pacific Railroad Company
- With the expansion of the railroads, there came a greater risk of corruption and dangerous
speculation.
- In 1886, Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad determined that corporations had
"personhood" under the 14th Amendment.
Laura Ingalls Wilder
- She was a popular author during the early 1900s.
- She was well known for her "Little House" books.
, Dawes Act
- In 1887, congress passed the Dawes Severalty Act, which divided communal tribal Landholdings into a
private property system.
- In 1889 unassigned land in the Indian Territory was made available for the settlement.
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
- On May 19, 1883, William F "Buffalo Bill" Cody opened the Buffalo Bills Wild West Show.
- By the 1890s the show carried as many as 500 cast members.
- By the end of the century, the show was giving 341 performances in 132 towns and cities across the
US.
The Visible Hand
- The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business, is a book by Alfred Chandler Jr, an
American business historian.
- It was about how corporations increasingly depended on the managerial system to run day-to-day
business operations.
Rockefeller
- Was opposed to laissez-faire ideas and believed there was too much competition in the business world.
- He expanded his empire through horizontal integration-absorbing rivals into standard oil
Andrew Carnegie and the Steel Industry
- Was a poor immigrant who migrated to the US before the Civil War, Carnegie was reputed to be a
millionaire by the time he was thirty.
- By the 1890s he had made his company into a vertically integrated corporation.
- By 1900 his plants were turning about a quarter of all steel production in the U.S.
Industrial Elite
- In New York, the new industrial elite were eager to show that they belonged with the city's storied "old
money" elite
The Gospel Wealth
- This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists.
- The industrial elite followed Carnegie's lead and created many of the nation's cultural, educational, and
philanthropic organizations.
Knights of Labor
- The Knights of Labor was the first national industry union in the U.S.
- aspired to unite all wage earners into a single organization regardless of skill, race, or sex.
- Embraced free labor ideology and emphasized working class culture over class welfare.
- After the great railway strike, membership skyrocketed to over 750,000 people
-Emphasized the Eight-hour Workday (8,8,8)
