HIUS 222 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, UPDATED AND VERIFIED,
ALREADY GRADED A+
Fourteenth Amendment
Who: Proposed by Congress and ratified by the states after the Civil War.
What: Guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the law for all people born or naturalized in
the United States.
When: Ratified in 1868.
Where: The United States.
Historical significance: The Fourteenth Amendment overturned the Dred Scott decision, which had
declared that Black people were not citizens, and granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in
the United States, regardless of race. It also paved the way for future civil rights legislation
Congressional Reconstruction
Who: The United States Congress.
What: The period following the Civil War when the federal government took a more active role in
rebuilding the South and protecting the civil rights of Black Americans.
When: 1865-1877.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: Congressional Reconstruction marked a significant shift in federal policy toward
the South, as the federal government used military force to protect the rights of Black Americans and
tried to rebuild the region's economy and infrastructure.
Ku Klux Klan
Who: A secret society formed by Confederate veterans in the South after the Civil War.
What: A terrorist organization that used violence and intimidation to enforce white supremacy and
undermine the rights of Black Americans.
When: Founded in 1865.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: The Ku Klux Klan played a major role in undermining the gains made by Black
Americans during Reconstruction and perpetuating racial discrimination and violence throughout the
South for decades.
Redeemers
Who: Conservative, white Democrats in the South.
What: A political movement that sought to "redeem" the South from Republican rule and reestablish
white supremacy.
When: Late 19th century.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: The Redeemers successfully dismantled much of the progress made by Black
Americans during Reconstruction and solidified white control over the region's politics and economy.
Solid South
, Who: White Democrats in the Southern United States.
What: A voting bloc that consistently voted for Democratic candidates and opposed Republican policies,
particularly those related to civil rights.
When: Late 19th century to mid-20th century.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: The Solid South played a major role in national politics, as Southern Democrats
were often able to use their power in Congress to block civil rights legislation and other progressive
reforms.
Southern Farmers' Alliance
Who: A grassroots movement of farmers in the Southern United States.
What: A political and social movement that sought to address the economic challenges facing farmers
and promote greater political and economic power for rural people.
When: Late 19th century.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: The Southern Farmers' Alliance helped lay the groundwork for Populism and
other progressive movements, as it highlighted the need for government intervention in the economy
and the importance of rural and working-class voters.
Settlement Houses
Who: Social reformers in the United States.
What: Community centers in urban areas that provided services and support for immigrants and the
urban poor.
When: Late 19th century to early 20th century.
Where: Urban areas in the United States.
Historical significance: Settlement houses helped address the social and economic challenges faced by
immigrants and the urban poor, while also providing opportunities for social and political activism.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Who: Homer Plessy, a Black man, and the state of Louisiana.
What: A Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation and the "separate but equal" doctrine.
When: 1896.
Where: The United States.
Historical significance: Plessy v. Ferguson allowed for the establishment of Jim Crow laws and the legal
segregation of public spaces, which reinforced racial discrimination and inequality in the United States.
Jim Crow Laws
Who: Southern state governments.
What: A system of state and local laws that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against Black
Americans.
When: Late 19th century to mid-20th century.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: Jim Crow laws institutionalized racial discrimination and segregation, and limited
opportunities for Black Americans to participate fully in society and the economy.
ALREADY GRADED A+
Fourteenth Amendment
Who: Proposed by Congress and ratified by the states after the Civil War.
What: Guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the law for all people born or naturalized in
the United States.
When: Ratified in 1868.
Where: The United States.
Historical significance: The Fourteenth Amendment overturned the Dred Scott decision, which had
declared that Black people were not citizens, and granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in
the United States, regardless of race. It also paved the way for future civil rights legislation
Congressional Reconstruction
Who: The United States Congress.
What: The period following the Civil War when the federal government took a more active role in
rebuilding the South and protecting the civil rights of Black Americans.
When: 1865-1877.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: Congressional Reconstruction marked a significant shift in federal policy toward
the South, as the federal government used military force to protect the rights of Black Americans and
tried to rebuild the region's economy and infrastructure.
Ku Klux Klan
Who: A secret society formed by Confederate veterans in the South after the Civil War.
What: A terrorist organization that used violence and intimidation to enforce white supremacy and
undermine the rights of Black Americans.
When: Founded in 1865.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: The Ku Klux Klan played a major role in undermining the gains made by Black
Americans during Reconstruction and perpetuating racial discrimination and violence throughout the
South for decades.
Redeemers
Who: Conservative, white Democrats in the South.
What: A political movement that sought to "redeem" the South from Republican rule and reestablish
white supremacy.
When: Late 19th century.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: The Redeemers successfully dismantled much of the progress made by Black
Americans during Reconstruction and solidified white control over the region's politics and economy.
Solid South
, Who: White Democrats in the Southern United States.
What: A voting bloc that consistently voted for Democratic candidates and opposed Republican policies,
particularly those related to civil rights.
When: Late 19th century to mid-20th century.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: The Solid South played a major role in national politics, as Southern Democrats
were often able to use their power in Congress to block civil rights legislation and other progressive
reforms.
Southern Farmers' Alliance
Who: A grassroots movement of farmers in the Southern United States.
What: A political and social movement that sought to address the economic challenges facing farmers
and promote greater political and economic power for rural people.
When: Late 19th century.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: The Southern Farmers' Alliance helped lay the groundwork for Populism and
other progressive movements, as it highlighted the need for government intervention in the economy
and the importance of rural and working-class voters.
Settlement Houses
Who: Social reformers in the United States.
What: Community centers in urban areas that provided services and support for immigrants and the
urban poor.
When: Late 19th century to early 20th century.
Where: Urban areas in the United States.
Historical significance: Settlement houses helped address the social and economic challenges faced by
immigrants and the urban poor, while also providing opportunities for social and political activism.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Who: Homer Plessy, a Black man, and the state of Louisiana.
What: A Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation and the "separate but equal" doctrine.
When: 1896.
Where: The United States.
Historical significance: Plessy v. Ferguson allowed for the establishment of Jim Crow laws and the legal
segregation of public spaces, which reinforced racial discrimination and inequality in the United States.
Jim Crow Laws
Who: Southern state governments.
What: A system of state and local laws that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against Black
Americans.
When: Late 19th century to mid-20th century.
Where: The Southern United States.
Historical significance: Jim Crow laws institutionalized racial discrimination and segregation, and limited
opportunities for Black Americans to participate fully in society and the economy.
