HIUS 222 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, UPDATED AND VERIFIED,
ALREADY GRADED A+
Reconstruction
an attempt by Republicans in Congress to remake the South in the North's image socially, politically, and
economically
Hinged to pattern the South after the Union and the status of the freedmen
Civil War ended in...
1865 killing 630,000
Abraham Lincoln
Died one month after his second term in April 1865
Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)
Democrat from TN; US senator who refused to leave the union when they seceded in 1861
Tapped to be VP running mate in 1864 w/ Lincoln
Became President following assassination
Johnson's Restoration plan
Late 1865 congressional Republicans were unhappy and moved to take the reigns of Reconstruction
Areas of Congressional Concern (Johnson did not identify the problems)
1. Southerners resisted the 13th amendment (free slaves)
2. Black codes - laws passed by the south that limited the rights of former slaves (aka another form of
slavery/ex:vagrancy-wanderer)
3. South refused suffrage for black males
4. Election of Alexander Stephens to the US senate in 1865 (confederate VP in war)
Work of Congress 1866-1870
1. 14th Amendment - laid the foundation for civil rights for everybody
2. Reconstruction Acts of 1867 - divided former Confederacy into 5 military districts; commander was to
persuade ratification of the 14th amend.
3. 15th Amendment - 1869 forbade the government of racism or prejudice hindering any citizen the
right to vote
Reconstruction Acts
1.District commander was to institute a registration of voters including all black males
2.After, called voters to create a Constitution which included black suffrage
3.Ratification of Constitution meant elections for state government
4.Finally, the state was to be restored and the 14th ratified
, Successes of Reconstruction
1. Voter Registration - over 703,000 black and 637,000 white registered
2.An articulate black political leadership emerged - many served in Congress and state offices
3. Republicans in the South established the first public school system
4. Taxation was made more fair
5. Racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations were outlawed
6. Boom of an ambitious economic program development in an effort to aid railroads and other
enterprises
Carpetbaggers
Largest group of Republican in the South (Union soldiers/buisnessmen) who wished to obtain office
before 1867
Leaped at the op to help mold the South into the North
Violence in South during Reconstruction
1.KK refused to end their counterrevolution even after being put down by Grant Admin in 1870
2.Red Shirts of SC; White Liners of MS; White Leaguers of LA sought social ostracism and economic
pressure
3. Goal was to intimidate non-Democrats to vote and restore the party to power
Scalawags
1. Native-born southern white republicans
2. Revolution where whites would recognize rights of blacks; retain Republic in the South
Reasons for Northern retreat from Reconstruction
1. North became weary of all the national attention (since 1850)
2. The emergence of reunionist sentiment. emotions of restoration on both ends.
3. Grantism - derogatory term for the financial scandals
4. Republicans were discredited and voted out of office post Panic of 1873
5. Compromise of 1877 - Broke the tie of Hayes and Tilden election by one electoral vote
6. Free labor ideology - a threat to a white male economic independence; Republicans attack on slavery
Ulysses S. Grant
-Republican Nominee 1868
-Professional soldier from Illinois
-Veteran of the Mexican War
-Commander of all Union forces
-Distressed by Johnson's opposition to Reconstruction
-Quite unpopular by 1876
Horatio Seymour
Democrat nominee 1868
Governor of New York
ALREADY GRADED A+
Reconstruction
an attempt by Republicans in Congress to remake the South in the North's image socially, politically, and
economically
Hinged to pattern the South after the Union and the status of the freedmen
Civil War ended in...
1865 killing 630,000
Abraham Lincoln
Died one month after his second term in April 1865
Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)
Democrat from TN; US senator who refused to leave the union when they seceded in 1861
Tapped to be VP running mate in 1864 w/ Lincoln
Became President following assassination
Johnson's Restoration plan
Late 1865 congressional Republicans were unhappy and moved to take the reigns of Reconstruction
Areas of Congressional Concern (Johnson did not identify the problems)
1. Southerners resisted the 13th amendment (free slaves)
2. Black codes - laws passed by the south that limited the rights of former slaves (aka another form of
slavery/ex:vagrancy-wanderer)
3. South refused suffrage for black males
4. Election of Alexander Stephens to the US senate in 1865 (confederate VP in war)
Work of Congress 1866-1870
1. 14th Amendment - laid the foundation for civil rights for everybody
2. Reconstruction Acts of 1867 - divided former Confederacy into 5 military districts; commander was to
persuade ratification of the 14th amend.
3. 15th Amendment - 1869 forbade the government of racism or prejudice hindering any citizen the
right to vote
Reconstruction Acts
1.District commander was to institute a registration of voters including all black males
2.After, called voters to create a Constitution which included black suffrage
3.Ratification of Constitution meant elections for state government
4.Finally, the state was to be restored and the 14th ratified
, Successes of Reconstruction
1. Voter Registration - over 703,000 black and 637,000 white registered
2.An articulate black political leadership emerged - many served in Congress and state offices
3. Republicans in the South established the first public school system
4. Taxation was made more fair
5. Racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations were outlawed
6. Boom of an ambitious economic program development in an effort to aid railroads and other
enterprises
Carpetbaggers
Largest group of Republican in the South (Union soldiers/buisnessmen) who wished to obtain office
before 1867
Leaped at the op to help mold the South into the North
Violence in South during Reconstruction
1.KK refused to end their counterrevolution even after being put down by Grant Admin in 1870
2.Red Shirts of SC; White Liners of MS; White Leaguers of LA sought social ostracism and economic
pressure
3. Goal was to intimidate non-Democrats to vote and restore the party to power
Scalawags
1. Native-born southern white republicans
2. Revolution where whites would recognize rights of blacks; retain Republic in the South
Reasons for Northern retreat from Reconstruction
1. North became weary of all the national attention (since 1850)
2. The emergence of reunionist sentiment. emotions of restoration on both ends.
3. Grantism - derogatory term for the financial scandals
4. Republicans were discredited and voted out of office post Panic of 1873
5. Compromise of 1877 - Broke the tie of Hayes and Tilden election by one electoral vote
6. Free labor ideology - a threat to a white male economic independence; Republicans attack on slavery
Ulysses S. Grant
-Republican Nominee 1868
-Professional soldier from Illinois
-Veteran of the Mexican War
-Commander of all Union forces
-Distressed by Johnson's opposition to Reconstruction
-Quite unpopular by 1876
Horatio Seymour
Democrat nominee 1868
Governor of New York
