HIUS 221, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE, ALREADY
GRADED A+
William Ellery Channing
the foremost Unitarian preacher in the United States in the early nineteenth century and, along with
Andrews Norton, one of Unitarianism's leading theologians. He was known for his articulate and
impassioned sermons and public speeches, and as a prominent thinker in the liberal theology of the day
Unitarianism
belief that God existed in only one person (hence unitarian), and not in the orthodox Trinity; denied the
divinity of Jesus; stressed the essential goodness of human nature rather than its vileness; believed in
free will and the possibility of salvation through good works; God as a loving father rather than stern
Creator; followed by Ralph Waldo Emerson; appealed to intellectuals whose rationalism and optimism
naturally made them not support the hellfire doctrines of Calvinism (especially predestination and
human depravity)
Peter Cartwright
Born in 1785, he was the best known of Methodist "Circuit riders". He was a traveling frontier preacher.
Ill-educated but still powerful, he reigned for 50 years going from Tennessee to Illinois. He converted
thousands of people doing this. He also liked to pick a fight if someone spoke against his religion.
God's Plowman
John A. Butler
Charles G. Finney
This Presbyterian minister appealed to his audience's sense of emotion rather than their reason. His
"fire and brimstone" sermons became commonplace in upstate New York, where listeners were instilled
with the fear of Satan and an eternity in Hell. He insisted that parishioners could save themselves
through good works and a steadfast faith in God. This region of New York became known as the
"burned-over district," because this minister preached of the dangers of eternal damnation across the
countryside
Lectures on Revivals
twenty-three lectures that the theologian Charles Finney gave to his church during the middle of the
19th century.
New Measures
Protracted meetings, allowed women to testify, advertised, anxious bench for potential converts,
created by Finney in Second Great Awakening
Lyman Beecher
Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader and a leader of the Second Great Awakening of
the United States.
, Transcendentalists
Followers of a belief which stressed self-reliance, self- culture, self-discipline, and that knowledge
transcends instead of coming by reason. They promoted the belief of individualism and caused an array
of humanitarian reforms.
Oneida Community
It was founded by John Humphrey Noyes. It was a group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in
New York. They practiced polygamy, communal property and communal raising of children. (Utopian
society).
John Humphrey Noyes
Founder of the Oneida community, at first gathered a group of "Perfectionists" and created the doctrine
of "complex marriage," but was kicked out of Vermont and fled to NY and formed the Oneida
community.
Robert Dale Owen
a longtime exponent in his adopted United States of the socialist doctrines of his father, Robert Owen,
as well as a politician in the Democratic Partyhe was an intellectual leader of the Working Men's Party.
In contrast to many other Democrats of the era, Owen and Wright were opposed to slavery, though
their artisan radicalism distanced them from the leading abolitionists of the time. (Lott, 129)
Owenites
Experiments that have values typical of Robert Owen. He believed the experiments should be villages of
cooperation in which every resident worked and lived in total equality.
Barton Stone
Presbyterian preacher in Kentucky, preached at camp meetings. Thought the Trinity was just power of
God.
Thomas Campbell
Western Penn. Gave rise to an independent movement called the Campbellites.
They would become the Disciples of Christ (Christian Church)
Joined with a group called the "Christians" led by Barton Stone in 1832.
Still a rather large denomination today across America.
Alexander Campbell
Presbyterian minister and reformer in the second great awakening, founded Disciples of Christ, part of
the Stone-Campbell tradition
Joseph Smith
Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel. 1843, Smith's announcement
that God sanctioned polygamy split the Mormons and let to an uprising against Mormons in 1844;
translated the Book of Mormon and died a martyr.
GRADED A+
William Ellery Channing
the foremost Unitarian preacher in the United States in the early nineteenth century and, along with
Andrews Norton, one of Unitarianism's leading theologians. He was known for his articulate and
impassioned sermons and public speeches, and as a prominent thinker in the liberal theology of the day
Unitarianism
belief that God existed in only one person (hence unitarian), and not in the orthodox Trinity; denied the
divinity of Jesus; stressed the essential goodness of human nature rather than its vileness; believed in
free will and the possibility of salvation through good works; God as a loving father rather than stern
Creator; followed by Ralph Waldo Emerson; appealed to intellectuals whose rationalism and optimism
naturally made them not support the hellfire doctrines of Calvinism (especially predestination and
human depravity)
Peter Cartwright
Born in 1785, he was the best known of Methodist "Circuit riders". He was a traveling frontier preacher.
Ill-educated but still powerful, he reigned for 50 years going from Tennessee to Illinois. He converted
thousands of people doing this. He also liked to pick a fight if someone spoke against his religion.
God's Plowman
John A. Butler
Charles G. Finney
This Presbyterian minister appealed to his audience's sense of emotion rather than their reason. His
"fire and brimstone" sermons became commonplace in upstate New York, where listeners were instilled
with the fear of Satan and an eternity in Hell. He insisted that parishioners could save themselves
through good works and a steadfast faith in God. This region of New York became known as the
"burned-over district," because this minister preached of the dangers of eternal damnation across the
countryside
Lectures on Revivals
twenty-three lectures that the theologian Charles Finney gave to his church during the middle of the
19th century.
New Measures
Protracted meetings, allowed women to testify, advertised, anxious bench for potential converts,
created by Finney in Second Great Awakening
Lyman Beecher
Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader and a leader of the Second Great Awakening of
the United States.
, Transcendentalists
Followers of a belief which stressed self-reliance, self- culture, self-discipline, and that knowledge
transcends instead of coming by reason. They promoted the belief of individualism and caused an array
of humanitarian reforms.
Oneida Community
It was founded by John Humphrey Noyes. It was a group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in
New York. They practiced polygamy, communal property and communal raising of children. (Utopian
society).
John Humphrey Noyes
Founder of the Oneida community, at first gathered a group of "Perfectionists" and created the doctrine
of "complex marriage," but was kicked out of Vermont and fled to NY and formed the Oneida
community.
Robert Dale Owen
a longtime exponent in his adopted United States of the socialist doctrines of his father, Robert Owen,
as well as a politician in the Democratic Partyhe was an intellectual leader of the Working Men's Party.
In contrast to many other Democrats of the era, Owen and Wright were opposed to slavery, though
their artisan radicalism distanced them from the leading abolitionists of the time. (Lott, 129)
Owenites
Experiments that have values typical of Robert Owen. He believed the experiments should be villages of
cooperation in which every resident worked and lived in total equality.
Barton Stone
Presbyterian preacher in Kentucky, preached at camp meetings. Thought the Trinity was just power of
God.
Thomas Campbell
Western Penn. Gave rise to an independent movement called the Campbellites.
They would become the Disciples of Christ (Christian Church)
Joined with a group called the "Christians" led by Barton Stone in 1832.
Still a rather large denomination today across America.
Alexander Campbell
Presbyterian minister and reformer in the second great awakening, founded Disciples of Christ, part of
the Stone-Campbell tradition
Joseph Smith
Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel. 1843, Smith's announcement
that God sanctioned polygamy split the Mormons and let to an uprising against Mormons in 1844;
translated the Book of Mormon and died a martyr.
